TEAS 7 - Science (Respiratory System)

Question 1

The nasal cavity has a defined role in filtering and humidifying ___ for presentation to the lower airway

Answer 1

air

Question 2

The pharynx is also known as the ___.

Answer 2

throat

Question 3

In the respiratory system, the pharynx receives air from the ___ or the mouth and then moves the air past the epiglottis into the larynx. In the ___ system, it receives food from the mouth and moves it into the esophagus.

Answer 3

nose

digestive

Question 4

The ___ is a large tube reinforced by cartilage rings that keep it from collapsing. It connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs.

Answer 4

trachea

Question 5

Bronchi receive inspired air from the ___ and move it into the bronchioles

Answer 5

trachea

Question 6

Bronchioles connect the bronchi to the ___ of the lungs. Bronchioles have a layer of ___ muscle that allows bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation, regulating the amount of air reaching the alveoli.

Answer 6

alveoli

smooth

Question 7

Where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 7

alveoli

Question 8

Alveoli is the site of ___ exchange.

Answer 8

gas

Question 9

The Epiglottis is a flap of ___ at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe.

Answer 9

cartilage

Question 10

The ___ is the part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the opening between them. It affects voice modulation through expansion or contraction.

Answer 10

glottis

Question 11

The larynx (voice box) is a hollow structure connected to the ___ of the ___ and is the passage through which inspired air moves into the bronchi of the lungs.

Answer 11

top

trachea

Question 12

The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle associated with quiet (normal) breathing that separates the ___ and ___ cavities.

Answer 12

thoracic

abdominopelvic

Question 13

The ___ is the serous double membrane that surrounds and protects the lungs.

Answer 13

pleura

Question 14

What do we call the movement of respiratory gases between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs?

Answer 14

ventilation

Question 15

What are the two cyclic phases of the lungs?

Answer 15

inspiration

expiration

Question 16

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 16

external respiration

cellular respiration

Question 17

___ respiration is the movement of gases into the body and blood.

Answer 17

External

Question 18

___ respiration is the use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide by the cells.

Answer 18

Cellular

Question 19

The respiratory system can be divided into the ___ and ___ respiratory systems.

Answer 19

upper

lower

Question 20

What does the upper respiratory system consist of?

Answer 20

nose, nasal cavity, sinus, pharynx, and portion of larynx above vocal cords

Question 21

What does the lower respiratory system consist of?

Answer 21

portion of the larynx that includes the vocal cords and below, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and alveoli

Question 22

Air moves into the upper respiratory system through the ___ at the nostrils to the nasal cavity

Answer 22

nose

Question 23

The epithelium lining the nasal cavity contains columnar and goblet cells that secrete ___.

Answer 23

mucous

Question 24

Where is mucous formed?

Answer 24

nose

Question 25

What are the bony protuberances in the nose called?

Answer 25

conchae

Question 26

The nasal cavity contains bony protuberances called conchae. There are superior, middle, and inferior ___. The purpose of the conchae is to create ___ airflow. This is intended to ___ the air and to provide more contact with the nasal mucosa and hairs so that the ___ can pick up particles. The turbulent air can also reach the upper nasal cavity containing sensory receptors for smell.

Answer 26

conchae

turbulent

warm

mucosa

Question 27

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

Answer 27

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 28

Air passes through the nasal cavity and enters the upper portion of the pharynx called the ___. It begins posterior to the conchae and extends to the soft palate.

Answer 28

nasopharynx

Question 29

The nasopharynx begins ___ to the conchae and extends inferiorly to the soft palate. The soft palate raises to close off the nasopharynx during ___ to prevent substances from moving into the nasopharynx. The nasopharynx also contains connections from the Eustachian tubes.

Answer 29

posterior

swallowing

Question 30

What is inferior to the nasopharynx and extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis?

Answer 30

the oropharynx

Question 31

Inferior to the nasopharynx is the ___ which extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis. The oropharynx is a ___ passageway for air and substances on their way to the digestive tract.

Answer 31

oropharynx

shared

Question 32

What is the most inferior portion of the pharynx?

Answer 32

laryngopharynx

Question 33

The most inferior portion of the pharynx is the ___ which extends from the tip of the epiglottis to the ___. The laryngopharynx is also a shared pathway with the digestive tract.

Answer 33

laryngopharynx

larynx

Question 34

The larynx begins at the base of the ___ and extends to the ___.

Answer 34

tongue

trachea

Question 35

The larynx contains ___, the largest of which is the ___ cartilage, commonly called the Adam’s Apple. Inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ___ cartilage.

Answer 35

cartilage

thyroid

cricoid

Question 36

The epiglottis is an elastic cartilage flap, in the larynx, that ___ during swallowing to keep substances from moving into the trachea and air passages.

Answer 36

closes

Question 37

Other cartilages in the larynx include the arytenoids, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages. These cartilages are ___.

Answer 37

paired

Question 38

Where do the vocal cords reside?

Answer 38

larynx

Question 39

The ___ ___ reside in the larynx and consist of two pairs of ligaments that extend from the arytenoid to the thyroid cartilages.

Answer 39

vocal cords

Question 40

There are two pairs of ligaments inside the larynx. One set of ligaments is called the ___ vocal cords while the other set is called the ___ vocal cords.

Answer 40

true, false

Question 41

When the vocal cords are relaxed they form a triangular space called the ___.

Answer 41

glottis

Question 42

When do the vocal cords form the triangular space called the glottis?

Answer 42

when they are relaxed

Question 43

Different pitches in the voice are produced by ___ of the vocal cords. The vibration of ___ areas of the vocal cords results in higher pitches. Males typically have longer vocal cords than females which results in ___ pitches.

Answer 43

vibrations

shorter

lower

Question 44

The lungs are two cone shaped structures residing in the ___ cavity.

Answer 44

thoracic

Question 45

The inferior portion of each lung reaches down to the ___. The superior portion extends about one inch above each ___.

Answer 45

diaphragm

clavicle

Question 46

How many lobes does the right lung contain?

Answer 46

3

Question 47

How many lobes does the left lung contain?

Answer 47

2

Question 48

Which lung is larger? Left or Right?

Answer 48

Right lung

Question 49

The right lung contains three lobes called ___, ___, and ___ lobes. The right lung is ___ than the left lung. The left lung contains two lobes called the ___ and ___ lobes.

Answer 49

superior, middle, inferior

larger

superior, inferior

Question 50

The lobes are separated by ___. The right lung includes a ___ and ___ fissure while the left lung only contains an oblique fissure.

Answer 50

fissures

horizontal

oblique

Question 51

What is the area in the medial area of each lung where vessels enter and exit?

Answer 51

hilum

Question 52

The left lung also contains the ___ ___ which is an indentation for the heart.

Answer 52

cardiac notch

Question 53

The lungs are surrounded by ___ pleural membranes.

Answer 53

2

visceral and parietal pleural membranes

Question 54

The surface of each lung contains a ___ pleural membrane that closely adheres to the lung’s surface. Lining the interior of the thoracic wall is the ___ pleural membrane. A fluid known as ___ ___ is secreted by each membrane which reduces friction and helps to hold the membranes together.

Answer 54

visceral

parietal

pleural fluid

Question 55

___ is the passive transport process of gas exchange in the lungs where oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide in the blood moves into the lungs.

Answer 55

Diffusion

Question 56

Diffusion is the ___ transport process of gas exchange in the lungs where ___ moves from the lungs to the blood and ___ ___ in the blood moves into the lungs.

Answer 56

passive

oxygen

carbon dioxide

Question 57

What is the pressure of a single gas in a mixture of gases?

Answer 57

partial pressure

Question 58

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 58

volume is inversely related to pressure in gases

Question 59

___ is the movement of respiratory gases between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs → consists of two cyclic phases: inspiration & expiration

Answer 59

ventilation

Question 60

One cycle of inhalation and exhalation is called a ___ ___.

Answer 60

respiratory cycle

Question 61

Inhalation and exhalation depend on changes in lung ___ and air ___.

Answer 61

volume

pressure

Question 62

The movement of air in and out of the lungs is known as ___ ___.

Answer 62

pulmonary ventilation

Question 63

Air moves into the lungs and to the alveoli where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between the ___ and ___. It is important to maintain good airflow to the alveoli at all times.

Answer 63

alveoli

blood

Question 64

Air is a ___ and gas moves by way of pressure gradients. Gas will move from areas of ___ pressure to areas of ___ pressure.

Answer 64

gas

higher

lower

Question 65

Pressure in the lungs must be ___ than atmospheric pressure for air to move into the lungs. This is because air is a gas and we know that gases move from areas of ___ pressure to areas of ___ pressure.

Answer 65

lower

high

low

Question 66

Boyle’s law relates pressure and volume. It can be represented by:

Answer 66

P = 1/V

(P = pressure, V = volume)

Question 67

Boyle’s law shows that volume is ___ related to pressure in gases

Answer 67

inversely

Question 68

Molecules of a gas will move at random within an enclosed space producing pressure on the walls of the space. The same amount of gas in a smaller space will exert a ___ pressure than when in a larger space. So increasing the volume will ___ the pressure for a given temperature and vice versa.

Answer 68

greater

lower

Question 69

The diaphragm contracts and pulls downward ___ the volume of the thoracic cavity. The external intercostals also contract and expand the ribcage. The increased volume ___ the pressure inside of the lungs. Since air flows from higher pressure to lower pressure, higher air pressure ___ the lungs flows to lower pressure ___ the lungs.

Answer 69

increasing

decreases

outside

inside

Question 70

Expansion of the thoracic cavity causes the lungs to expand because of the ___ cavity. The pleural membranes secrete a ___ that forms a bond between the membranes. The force of this bond produces a small negative pressure

Answer 70

pleural

fluid

Question 71

During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes, ___ the volume of the thoracic cavity. The elastic fibers of the lungs work to move the lungs back to their original shape and the pressure ___, moving air out of the lungs. Resting exhalation is considered a passive process.

Answer 71

decreasing

increases

Question 72

During ___, the diaphragm contracts, expanding to allow air into the thoracic cavity. During ___, the diaphragm relaxes. Resting exhalation is considered a ___ process.

Answer 72

inhalation

exhalation

passive

Question 73

Other muscles, besides the diaphragm, are involved in respiration when greater amounts of air need to be moved into the lungs. Muscles assisting in ___ include the sternocleidomastoids, pectoralis minors and external intercostals. Muscles assisting in ___ include the internal intercostals and abdominals.

Answer 73

inhalation

exhalation

Question 74

Once air enters the lungs, oxygen must move into the blood by ___.

Answer 74

diffusion

Question 75

Oxygen will follow a partial pressure gradient by moving from the higher partial pressure in the ___ to the lower partial pressure in the ___.

Answer 75

lungs

blood

Question 76

Since air is a mixture of gasses, each, individual gas will exert a pressure of its ___ which contributes to the overall pressure of the gas. The pressure each gas produces in the mixture of gases is known as the ___ ___ of gas.

Answer 76

own

partial pressure

Question 77

How can we represent the partial and total pressure of air?

Answer 77

P(nitrogen) + P (oxygen) + P (water vapor) + P (carbon dioxide) = P (air) = 760 mm Hg

Question 78

For example, if oxygen produces 20.9% of the total pressure of air, then 20.9% of 760 mm Hg is about 159 mm Hg. This means the partial pressure of oxygen is ___.

Answer 78

159 mm Hg

Question 79

Partial pressure can be denoted as ___ or ___.

Answer 79

PO2

PCO2

Question 80

Oxygen is a gas and it follows a partial pressure gradient. Since we know this, will oxygen move from a PO2 of 100 mmHg to a PO2 of 80 mmHg or from a PO2 of 80 mmHg to 100 mmHg?

Answer 80

Oxygen will move from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.

100 mmHg to 80 mmHg

Question 81

Oxygen moves from the lungs (where there is a higher pressure of O2) to the ___ (where there is a ___ pressure of O2). Carbon dioxide moves from the cells (where there is a ___ pressure of CO2) to the ___ (where there is a lower pressure of CO2).

Answer 81

blood

lower

higher

lungs

Question 82

Carbon dioxide is produced by the ___, so the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is ___ in the tissues surrounding the cells than in the oxygenated blood entering the cells.

Answer 82

cells

higher

Question 83

Carbon dioxide can then diffuse from the cells into the ___ which transports the carbon dioxide to the lungs so it can then diffuse from the blood to the lower partial pressure in the ___.

Answer 83

blood

lungs

Question 84

Deoxygenated blood is transported from the right side of the heart (right ventricle) to the pulmonary ___ that divides into right and left pulmonary ___. The pulmonary arteries eventually become the capillaries surrounding the ___.

Answer 84

trunk

arteries

alveoli

Question 85

Once the blood becomes oxygenated by the lungs, it moves back to the left side of the heart by way of the pulmonary __ which carries blood into the ___ ___.

Answer 85

veins

left atrium

Question 86

Remember, the ___ ___ are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood and the ___ ___ are the only veins carrying oxygenated blood.

Answer 86

pulmonary arteries

pulmonary arteries

Question 87

What arteries are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood?

Answer 87

pulmonary arteries

Question 88

What veins are the only veins carrying oxygenated blood?

Answer 88

pulmonary veins

Question 89

The pulmonary arteries are the only arteries in the body that carry ___ blood away from the heart.

Answer 89

deoxygenated

Question 90

The pulmonary veins are the only veins in the body that carry ___ blood to the heart.

Answer 90

oxygenated

Question 91

What is the nerve that controls the diaphragm?

Answer 91

phrenic nerve

Question 92

Pons are the ___ portion of the brainstem.

Answer 92

middle

Question 93

The Medulla Oblongata is the ___ portion of the brainstem.

Answer 93

lower

Question 94

___ are the cells that line the inside of the alveolus and secrete mucous.

Answer 94

Type I alveolar cells

Question 95

___ are the cells that line the inside of the alveolus and secrete surfactant.

Answer 95

Type II alveolar cells

Question 96

Type I Alveolar Cells are cells that line the inside of the alveolus and secrete ___.

Answer 96

mucous

Question 97

Type II Alveolar Cells are cells that line the inside of the alveolus and secrete ___.

Answer 97

surfactant

Question 98

___ is a substance secreted by Type II Alveolar Cells that reduces surface tension.

Answer 98

Surfactant

Question 99

Surface Tension is a force created by weak bonds between ___ molecules.

Answer 99

water

Question 100

___ ___ is a weak acid that forms from carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 100

Carbonic Acid

Question 101

Respiratory Acidosis is an acidic condition in the blood caused by increased ___ ___.

Answer 101

carbon dioxide

Question 102

Respiratory Alkalosis is an alkaline condition in the blood caused by a ___ in carbon dioxide.

Answer 102

decrease

Question 103

Breathing is automatically controlled by the ___ ___ which monitors the blood for oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH.

Answer 103

nervous system

Question 104

Since there is such a close relationship between the respiratory system and pH, problems in the respiratory system can cause imbalances in the pH called respiratory ___ and ___.

Answer 104

acidosis and alkalosis

Question 105

Neural control of respiration begins in the ___ at the medulla oblongata and the pons.

Answer 105

brainstem

Question 106

There are 2 paired groups of neurons in the medulla oblongata that work to control the ___ and ___ of breathing.

Answer 106

rate

rhythm

Question 107

Groups of neurons in the pons help to ___ breathing and act as a ___ system in case there is damage to the medulla oblongata.

Answer 107

finetune

backup

Question 108

There are 2 paired groups of neurons in the ___ ___ that work to control the rate and rhythm of breathing.

Answer 108

medulla oblongata

Question 109

Groups of neurons in the ___ help to fine-tune breathing and act as a backup system in case there is damage to the medulla oblongata.

Answer 109

pons

Question 110

The brainstem centers act ___, but they can be overridden by higher brain centers. (For example, you can consciously increase or decrease your breathing).

Answer 110

unconsciously

Question 111

The respiratory centers monitor the blood for oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH. There are also ___ located in other parts of the circulatory system such as in the carotid arteries and aorta.

Answer 111

chemoreceptors

Question 112

The brainstem centers connect to the diaphragm by way of the right and left ___ ___.

Answer 112

phrenic nerves

Question 113

The 2 types of cells that the alveoli contain are ___ and ___.

Answer 113

Type I alveoli cells

Type II alveoli cells

Question 114

The Type I cells secrete ___ on the inside of the alveolus.

Answer 114

mucous

Question 115

The Type I cells secrete mucous on the inside of the alveolus. Since mucous contains mostly water, ___ ___ can develop which works to collapse the alveolus.

Answer 115

surface tension

Question 116

Surface tension is a force created by weak bonds between ___ molecules and creates an inward pulling force on the alveolus.

Answer 116

water

Question 117

Which cells secrete the substance that causes the alveolus to collapse? What is the substance?

Answer 117

Type I cells

mucous

Question 118

___ ___ is a force created by weak bonds between water molecules and creates an inward pulling force on the alveolus.

Answer 118

Surface tension

Question 119

The alveolar Type II cells secrete ___ which works to break the weak bonds and reduce surface tension.

Answer 119

surfactant

Question 120

Surfactant is secreted by ___. This substance works to break the weak bonds and ___ surface tension.

Answer 120

Type II alveolar cells

reduce

Question 121

What substance is important in premature infants with underdeveloped lungs?

Answer 121

surfactant

Question 122

In premature infants with underdeveloped lungs, diminished secretion of surfactant can cause ___ ___ or respiratory distress syndrome unless ___ is administered.

Answer 122

lung collapse

surfactant

Question 123

Most of the oxygen transported in blood is bound to ___.

Answer 123

hemoglobin

Question 124

Most of the oxygen transported in blood is bound to hemoglobin to form ___. A small amount of oxygen is dissolved in plasma. Hemoglobin can also release oxygen to form deoxyhemoglobin.

Answer 124

oxyhemoglobin

deoxyhemoglobin

Question 125

Each hemoglobin molecule can bind with ___ oxygen molecules.

Answer 125

4

Question 126

There are almost 300 million hemoglobin molecules in a ___ red blood cell.

Answer 126

single

Question 127

Hemoglobin responds to ___ in PO2, pH, and temperature.

Answer 127

changes

Question 128

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood by 3 mechanisms. These include carbon dioxide dissolved in ___, carbon dioxide combined with ___, and storage of carbon dioxide in the ___ ion.

Answer 128

plasma

hemoglobin

bicarbonate

Question 129

How is most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

Answer 129

the bicarbonate ion (70%)

Question 130

About ___ of the total carbon dioxide in the blood is dissolved in plasma. Carbon dioxide also combines with hemoglobin to form a compound known as ___. About 23% of carbon dioxide is transported as carbaminohemoglobin. The ___ of carbon dioxide (about 70%) is transported in the ___ ___.

Answer 130

7%

carbaminohemoglobin

majority

bicarbonate ion

Question 131

Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells and encounters the enzyme carbonic anhydrase to form ___ ___. Carbonic acid dissociates into ___ and ___ ions. Bicarbonate ions diffuse out of the red blood cells into the plasma.

Answer 131

carbonic acid

bicarbonate

hydrogen

Question 132

What enzyme on red blood cells turns carbon dioxide into carbonic acid?

Answer 132

carbonic anhydrase

Question 133

Carbonic acid dissociates into ___ and ___ ions.

Answer 133

bicarbonate

hydrogen

Question 134

How is carbon dioxide stored in the plasma?

Answer 134

bicarbonate ion

Question 135

The reaction is ___ with either the storage or release of carbon dioxide depending on what is needed. For example, in areas of low PCO2, such as in the alveoli, the reaction will work in the direction to ___ CO2 for removal by the lungs. In areas of high PCO2, such as in the tissues, the reaction will work in the direction to ___ CO2 in the bicarbonate ion.

Answer 135

reversible

release

store

Question 136

Because most of the carbon dioxide is transported by the ___ ___ with the subsequent release of hydrogen ions, a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood will produce a lower pH.

Answer 136

bicarbonate ion

hydrogen

Question 137

Carbon dioxide and water combine to form ___ ___ in the blood. Carbonic acid dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.

Answer 137

carbonic acid

Question 138

A buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood will produce a higher or lower pH?

Answer 138

lower pH

Question 139

If the respiratory system cannot release enough carbon dioxide, the subsequent production of ___ ___ makes the blood ___. This is known as respiratory acidosis.

Answer 139

hydrogen ions

acidic

Question 140

___ ___ occurs when the respiratory system cannot release enough ___ ___. Since carbon dioxide and water combine to form ___ ___ in the blood and carbonic acid dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, the increase of hydrogen ions lowers the pH, making the blood acidic.

Answer 140

Respiratory acidosis

carbonic acid

lowers

Question 141

In respiratory acidosis, the cells continue to produce ___ ___ but the lungs are not removing it through exhalation. Carbon dioxide builds up in the lungs producing the ___ ion byproduct and the blood begins to become ___.

Answer 141

carbon dioxide

hydrogen

acidic

Question 142

You can generate a mild case of ___ ___ by simply holding your breath.

Answer 142

respiratory acidosis

Question 143

You can produce a mild state of ___ ___ by hyperventilating. In this case, too much carbon dioxide is removed by the lungs and the hydrogen ion concentration subsequently decreases.

Answer 143

respiratory alkalosis

decreases

Question 144

You can produce a mild state of respiratory alkalosis by ___.

Answer 144

hyperventilating

Question 145

___ is a respiratory disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airway.

Answer 145

Asthma

Question 146

___ is a viral disorder that affects either the upper or lower respiratory systems or both.

Answer 146

Influenza

Question 147

___ is a viral or bacterial infection characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs.

Answer 147

Pneumonia

Question 148

___ is an infectious bacterial disease of the lungs that can affect other parts of the body.

Answer 148

Tuberculosis

Question 149

___ is a disease consisting of bronchitis and emphysema that causes decreased gas exchange in the lungs.

Answer 149

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 150

___ is a test to measure the volume of air entering and exiting the lungs and is conducted using a Spirometer, measuring airflow.

Answer 150

Spirometry

Question 151

___ is the amount of air entering or exiting the lungs during resting breathing.

Answer 151

Tidal volume

Question 152

___ is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful exhalation.

Answer 152

Residual volume

Question 153

Asthma is a ___ disease that is characterized by ___ of the airway, inflammation and increased mucous production.

Answer 153

lung

narrowing

Question 154

During an ___ ___, inflammation in the airways causes excess mucous, swelling, and narrowing. There is also wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

Answer 154

asthma attack

Question 155

Do we know the cause of asthma?

Answer 155

no

Question 155

The cause of asthma is ___, but some things in the ___ can trigger an asthma attack. Some examples include cigarette smoke or other pollutants, things you may be allergic to like tree pollens, stress, infections, some medications, and exercise.

Answer 155

unknown

environment

Question 156

Is there a cure for asthma?

Answer 156

no, but there are treatments to help open airways

Question 157

There is ___ cure for asthma, but there are treatments aimed at ___ the airways (bronchodilators) and reducing inflammation.

Answer 157

no

opening

Question 158

Influenza or flu can affect either the ___ or ___ respiratory systems or both.

Answer 158

upper, lower

Question 159

Influenza is carried by ___ and causes inflammation and mucous production.

Answer 159

viruses

Question 160

Influenza virus is transmitted by tiny ___ in the air from an infected person and incubates for a few ___ before developing symptoms.

Answer 160

droplets

days

Question 161

Influenza causes ___ and stimulates ___ production.

Answer 161

inflammation

mucous

Question 162

Influenza of the lower respiratory tract is usually more ____ and can lead to ___.

Answer 162

severe

pneumonia

Question 163

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by ___ or ___.

Answer 163

viruses or bacteria

Question 164

___ is an infection of the lungs caused by viruses or bacteria that result in fluid buildup in the lungs.

Answer 164

Pneumonia

Question 165

Pneumonia is characterized by ___ buildup in the lungs.

Answer 165

fluid

Question 166

Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria or viruses, so it is treated with either ___, ___, or antifungal medications.

Answer 166

antibiotics

antivirals

Question 167

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by a bacterium known as ___ ___ that is spread through respiratory droplets by someone with the active disease.

Answer 167

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Question 168

TB causes chest pain, hemoptysis or coughing up ___, weight ___, and fever. TB can also affect other parts of the body such as the skeletal system, liver, adrenal glands, lymph nodes, and coverings of the brain (___). There are medications to treat TB that target the ___ and symptoms.

Answer 168

blood

loss

meninges

bacterium

Question 169

COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a combination of ___ and ___. Chronic bronchitis is a continuous inflammation of the ___ with increased mucous production. Emphysema affects the ___ by causing them to break apart which affects gas exchange.

Answer 169

bronchitis

emphysema

bronchi

alveoli

Question 170

People suffering from COPD experience shortness of ___, wheezing, chronic ___, and ___ production. The symptoms can progress in severity and cause death.

Answer 170

breath

cough

mucous

Question 171

COPD can be diagnosed with lung function tests using a ___ to measure the amount of air entering and exiting the lungs.

Answer 171

spirometer

Question 172

Treatments for COPD begin with ___ changes and medications in early stages and can progress to the use of ___, and even ___ to remove damaged lung tissue.

Answer 172

lifestyle

oxygen

surgery

Question 173

Respiratory volumes can be measured with a device called a ___.

Answer 173

spirometer

Question 174

Besides tidal volume, other volumes can be measured including ___ reserve volume and ___ reserve volume.

Answer 174

inspiratory

expiratory

Question 175

___ ___ ___ (IRV) is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to tidal volume. IRV is usually about 3300 ml in ___ and 1900 ml in ___.

Answer 175

Inspiratory reserve volume

males

females

Question 176

Inspiratory reserve volume is the ___ amount of air that can be ___ in addition to tidal volume.

Answer 176

maximum

inhaled

Question 177

___ ___ ___ (ERV) is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled in addition to tidal volume. ERV is about 1000 ml.

Answer 177

Expiratory reserve volume

Question 178

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the maximum amount of ___ that can be ___ in addition to tidal volume.

Answer 178

air

exhaled

Question 179

Residual volume (RV) is the amount of air ___ in the lungs after a maximal ___.

Answer 179

remaining

exhalation

Question 180

What is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?

Answer 180

Residual volume (RV)

Question 181

Combining respiratory ___ gives us respiratory ___. These include vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity.

Answer 181

volumes

capacities

Question 182

Tidal volume is the amount of air entering or exiting during ___ breathing

Answer 182

resting

Question 183

Vital capacity is the ___ amount of air that can move in and out of the lungs in a ___ breath. It is the sum of tidal volume, ___ reserve volume and ___ reserve volume. It is about 4800 ml in males and 3400 ml in females.

Answer 183

maximal

single

inspiratory

expiratory

Question 184

Inspiratory capacity is the amount of air that can move ___ the lungs after resting inhalation and exhalation. Inspiratory capacity is the sum of tidal volume and ___ reserve volume.

Answer 184

into

inspiratory

Question 185

Functional residual capacity is the air ___ in the lungs after a resting inhalation and exhalation. Functional residual capacity is the sum of ___ reserve volume and residual volume.

Answer 185

remaining

expiratory

Question 186

Total lung capacity is the ___ volume of air in the lungs. It is the sum of vital capacity and ___ volume. It is about 6000 ml in males and 4500 ml in female

Answer 186

total

residual