TEAS 7 - Science (Cellular Reproduction) Flashcards
___ is the cellular division process where one cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells
Mitosis
Mitosis is the cellular division process where one cell divides to produce ___ ___ daughter cells
two identical
What are the four phases of mitosis?
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
What is the stage of the cell cycle that occurs before mitosis begins?
Interphase
___ is important because it is the time when the cell is preparing to divide into two daughter cells.
Interphase
During interphase, the cell ___ in size, produces ____ organelles and proteins, and duplicates all of its DNA.
The cell then has ___ copies of its DNA going into mitosis, which is organized into two sister chromatids as the DNA condenses.
increases
additional
two
A single chromosome is called ____. A duplicated chromosome is called a ____ or sister ____.
chromatid
chromosome
sister chromatids
What is the first stage of mitosis?
prophase
Prophase is the ___ stage of mitosis, where the cell begins the process of dividing into two daughter cells.
first
At the beginning of prophase, the chromatin, which is the combination of DNA and proteins, starts to ___.
This condensation causes the chromatin to coil and compact, resulting in the formation of distinct structures called ___.
Chromosomes are ___ to manage and distribute during cell division.
condense
chromosomes
easier
As the mitotic spindle develops, it interacts with the chromosomes at specialized protein structures called ___ which are formed at the centromere region of each chromosome.
kinetochores
The mitotic spindle is a structure composed of ___ that helps in the movement and separation of chromosomes during cell division.
microtubules
Another process that is happening in prophase is the breakdown of the ___ ___, the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
nuclear envelope
The nucleus of the cell is surrounded by a membrane called the ___ ___, which separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.
nuclear envelope
In what region of the chromosome are kinetochores found?
centromere
What is the center region of chromosomes called?
the centromere
Where do spindle fibers attach to align and position the chromosomes in the cell?
the kinetochore
___ is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell as the cell gets ready to divide.
Metaphase
Metaphase is the next stage of mitosis, where the chromosomes line up in the ___ of the cell as the cell gets ready to divide.
center
During metaphase, spindle fibers continue to exert tension on the chromosomes, aligning them along the ___ ___ in the center of the cell.
This alignment ensures that each chromosome is properly ___ for the upcoming separation.
metaphase plate
positioned
In prophase, two ___, which are small organelles located near the nucleus, move to opposite ends of the cell.
centrosomes
As the centrosomes move, they generate ___ ____ that extend from each centrosome toward the center of the cell. These spindle fibers form a complex network known as the ___ ___.
spindle fibers
mitotic spindle
Why does the nuclear envelope break down during prophase?
this breakdown allows the chromosomes to be exposed to the cytoplasm of the cell
The metaphase plate is an ___ plane that runs through the ___ of the cell and is perpendicular to the spindle fibers. The chromosomes line up in a single file line along this plate.
imaginary
center