TEAS 7 - Science (Gastrointestinal System)

Question 1

___ is swallowing of the food bolus

Answer 1

Deglutition

Question 2

What prevents food from entering the respiratory system?

Answer 2

epiglottis

Question 3

What do we call the contractions of muscle in the esophagus that help move the food bolus to the stomach?

Answer 3

perstalsis

Question 4

What is the name of the sphincter that prevents the reflux of food back into the esophagus?

Answer 4

Esophageal sphincter

Question 5

The ___ is the muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen that receives food from the esophagus.

Answer 5

stomach

Question 6

What large gland sits behind the stomach and secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum?

Answer 6

pancreas

Question 7

What serves as the gateway between the stomach and small intestine?

Answer 7

pyloric sphincter

Question 8

What is the first part of the small intestine called?

Answer 8

duodenum

Question 9

What is the middle part of the small intestine called?

Answer 9

jejunum

Question 10

What is the primary function of the jejunum?

Answer 10

to absorb sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids

Question 11

What is the final part of the small intestine called?

Answer 11

ileum

Question 12

What is the function of the ileum?

Answer 12

to absorb any remaining nutrients that did not get absorbed in the duodenum or jejunum, in p

Question 13

Deglutition (swallowing) is the transport of a ___ of food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach.

Answer 13

bolus

Question 14

The ___ colon is the first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen.

Answer 14

ascending colon

Question 15

The ___ colon is the middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach.

Answer 15

transverse colon

Question 16

The ___ colon is part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum.

Answer 16

descending colon

Question 17

The ___ colon- is the S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum.

Answer 17

sigmoid colon

Question 18

The ___ is the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.

Answer 18

rectum

Question 19

What is the substance that chemically breaks down food?

Answer 19

enzyme

Question 20

The digestive system consists of a long tube called the ___ ___ extending from the mouth to the anus with some accessory organs attached.

Answer 20

alimentary canal

Question 21

The alimentary canal contains ___ muscle that can produce a special contraction called ___ which consists of alternating contractions and relaxations that helps to move substances through the canal.

Answer 21

smooth

peristalsis

Question 22

The alimentary canal consists of (in order) the mouth, ___, stomach, duodenum, ___, ileum, cecum, colon, ___ and anus. The tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder are ___ organs.

Answer 22

esophagus

jejunum

rectum

accessory

Question 23

Digestion begins in the ___ which is lined with a mucous membrane and contains teeth that help to break food down by chewing known as ___.

Answer 23

mouth

mastication

Question 24

Name the 3 salivary glands

Answer 24

parotid glands

sublingual glands

submandibular glands

Question 25

Salivary glands secrete mucous and the digestive enzyme ___ ___ into the mouth to start carbohydrate digestion.

Answer 25

salivary amylase

Question 26

Amylases will digest ___.

Answer 26

carbohydrates

Question 27

How are carbohydrates digested in the mouth?

Answer 27

the enzyme salivary amylase digests them

Question 28

Once the food is chewed and formed into a small round structure called a ___, it is pushed to the back of the throat to activate the swallowing reflex. Swallowing is also known as ___.

Answer 28

bolus deglutition

Question 29

Smooth muscles of the ___ push the food into the esophagus.

Answer 29

pharynx

Question 30

The ___, which is a cartilagenous flap, closes off the larynx to allow food to bypass the larynx and enter the esophagus.

Answer 30

epiglottis

Question 31

Swallowing is called ___.

Answer 31

deglutition

Question 32

The esophagus transports the bolus down to the stomach via ___.

Answer 32

peristalsis

Question 33

There is a round muscle at the base of the esophagus called the lower ___ ___ that opens when food enters the stomach.

Answer 33

esophageal sphincter

Question 34

Food enters the stomach at the ___ region.

Answer 34

cardiac

Question 35

The other regions of the stomach include the ___, body, and ___. There are also greater and lesser ___ on the outside.

Answer 35

fundus pylorus curvatures

Question 36

What are the folds in the stomach lining called?

Answer 36

rugae

Question 37

Digestive substances in the stomach are secreted to help break down food into a pasty substance called ___.

Answer 37

chyme

Question 38

The chyme is pushed out of the stomach and passes through the ___ sphincter to the first part of the small intestine called the ___.

Answer 38

pyloric sphincter duodenum

Question 39

The large intestine which begins at the ___.

Answer 39

cecum

Question 40

The ___ valve helps to regulate the flow of substances into the large intestine

Answer 40

ileocecal

Question 41

What extends off the cecum?

Answer 41

the appendix

Question 42

The appendix works to store friendly ___ which helps to further breakdown food.

Answer 42

bacteria

Question 43

The digested food now continues through the large intestine by passing through the ascending, ___ , descending and ___ colon before reaching the rectum and anus.

Answer 43

transverse sigmoid

Question 44

Along with mechanical digestion from chewing (___), chemical digestion also begins in the mouth. The enzyme ___ ___ is secreted by the salivary glands which begins ___ digestion.

Answer 44

mastication salivary amylase carbohydrate

Question 45

Once food enters the ___, a number of gastric secretions continue the chemical digestion of food. The secretions are controlled by the hormone ___.

Answer 45

stomach gastrin

Question 46

The ___ nervous system promotes the release of gastrin.

Answer 46

parasympathetic

Question 47

Secretions of the stomach include:

Answer 47

- Pepsinogen - Hydrochloric acid - Intrinsic factor - Gastric lipase

Question 48

Pepsinogen combines with hydrochloric acid to form ___ which digests proteins.

Answer 48

pepsin

Question 49

___ ___ digests fats and intrinsic factor promotes Vit B12 absorption.

Answer 49

Gastric lipase

Question 50

All of the stomach secretions mix together to form a pasty substance called ___.

Answer 50

chyme

Question 51

Chyme exits the stomach and enters the ___ where more secretions help to further breakdown the chyme.

Answer 51

duodenum

Question 52

The duodenum secretes the hormone ___ that promotes pancreatic secretions.

Answer 52

secretin

Question 53

The ___ connects to the duodenum by way of the pancreatic duct.

Answer 53

pancreas

Question 54

How does the pancreas connect to the duodenum?

Answer 54

the pancreatic duct

Question 55

What part of the small intestine is the pancreas connected to?

Answer 55

duodenum

Question 56

The pancreas will secrete the enzymes:

Answer 56

- Trypsin - Chymotrypsin - Pancreatic Lipase - Pancreatic amylase

Question 57

The pancreas also secretes ___ ions which help to ___ the acidic chyme and create an ___ environment. The digestive enzymes work better in an alkaline environment.

Answer 57

bicarbonate neutralize alkaline

Question 58

Do the digestive enzymes work better in an alkaline or acidic environment?

Answer 58

alkaline

Question 59

Bile is produced by the ___ and travels through a duct to the ___ that stores it.

Answer 59

liver gallbladder

Question 60

When fatty chyme enters the duodenum, the hormone ___ (CCK) is secreted by the duodenum. CCK tells the gallbladder to contract causing ___ to travel through the common bile duct. Bile works to emulsify ___ which increases the surface area of fats to help the enzymes with digestion.

Answer 60

cholecystokinin bile fats

Question 61

When is CCK secreted?

Answer 61

when fatty chyme enters the duodenum

Question 62

What is the function of CCK?

Answer 62

CCK is secreted by the duodenum and tells the gallbladder to release bile

Question 63

What is the role of bile?

Answer 63

to emulsify fats emulsifying fats increases their surface area, making it easier to digest

Question 64

Enzymes in the small intestine that help with digestion:

Answer 64

- lipases - proteases - maltase - lactase - sucrase

Question 65

___ are enzymes that break down fats.

Answer 65

Lipases

Question 66

___ are enzymes that break down fats.

Answer 66

Proteases

Question 67

Maltase, lactase, and sucrase for the breakdown of ___ to simple sugars.

Answer 67

carbohydrates

Question 68

The small intestine is designed for ___.

Answer 68

absorption

Question 69

There are tiny projections called intestinal ___ which produce a brush border that creates a very large surface area for absorption.

Answer 69

villi

Question 70

Intestinal villi are tiny projections that produce a brush border that creates a large ___ ___ for absorption.

Answer 70

surface area

Question 71

There are also structures inside the small intestine called plicae circularae that also increase the ___ ___.

Answer 71

surface area

Question 72

In the ___, bacteria work to breakdown what is left from the small intestine and water and electrolytes are absorbed.

Answer 72

large intestine (colon)

Question 73

In the colon, there are pouchlike structures called ___ and a smooth muscle band called the ___ ___ that help to produce peristaltic contractions to help move substances along.

Answer 73

haustra tenia coli

Question 74

The haustra and tenia coli are structures of the large intestine that help produce ___ ___ to help move substances along.

Answer 74

peristaltic contractions

Question 75

The alimentary canal ends at the ___ and ___.

Answer 75

rectum anus

Question 76

The alimentary canal ends at the rectum and anus where the ___ reflex occurs which is under ___ control.

Answer 76

defecation parasympathetic

Question 77

The ___ ___ ___ is located at the top of the esophagus, between the pharynx and the esophagus.

Answer 77

upper esophageal sphincter

Question 78

The ___ ___ ___ is located at the bottom end of the esophagus where food will move from the esophagus to the stomach.

Answer 78

lower esophageal sphincter

Question 79

The function of the pyloric sphincter is to ___.

Answer 79

control the entry of food into the duodenum