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TEAS 7 Test Prep > TEAS 7 - Science (Gastrointestinal System) > Flashcards

TEAS 7 - Science (Gastrointestinal System) Flashcards

1
Q

___ is swallowing of the food bolus

A

Deglutition

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2
Q

What prevents food from entering the respiratory system?

A

epiglottis

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3
Q

What do we call the contractions of muscle in the esophagus that help move the food bolus to the stomach?

A

perstalsis

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4
Q

What is the name of the sphincter that prevents the reflux of food back into the esophagus?

A

Esophageal sphincter

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5
Q

The ___ is the muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen that receives food from the esophagus.

A

stomach

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6
Q

What large gland sits behind the stomach and secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum?

A

pancreas

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7
Q

What serves as the gateway between the stomach and small intestine?

A

pyloric sphincter

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8
Q

What is the first part of the small intestine called?

A

duodenum

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9
Q

What is the middle part of the small intestine called?

A

jejunum

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10
Q

What is the primary function of the jejunum?

A

to absorb sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids

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11
Q

What is the final part of the small intestine called?

A

ileum

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12
Q

What is the function of the ileum?

A

to absorb any remaining nutrients that did not get absorbed in the duodenum or jejunum, in p

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13
Q

Deglutition (swallowing) is the transport of a ___ of food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach.

A

bolus

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14
Q

The ___ colon is the first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen.

A

ascending colon

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15
Q

The ___ colon is the middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach.

A

transverse colon

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16
Q

The ___ colon is part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum.

A

descending colon

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17
Q

The ___ colon- is the S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum.

A

sigmoid colon

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18
Q

The ___ is the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.

A

rectum

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19
Q

What is the substance that chemically breaks down food?

A

enzyme

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20
Q

The digestive system consists of a long tube called the ___ ___ extending from the mouth to the anus with some accessory organs attached.

A

alimentary canal

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21
Q

The alimentary canal contains ___ muscle that can produce a special contraction called ___ which consists of alternating contractions and relaxations that helps to move substances through the canal.

A

smooth

peristalsis

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22
Q

The alimentary canal consists of (in order) the mouth, ___, stomach, duodenum, ___, ileum, cecum, colon, ___ and anus. The tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder are ___ organs.

A

esophagus

jejunum

rectum

accessory

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23
Q

Digestion begins in the ___ which is lined with a mucous membrane and contains teeth that help to break food down by chewing known as ___.

A

mouth

mastication

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24
Q

Name the 3 salivary glands

A

parotid glands

sublingual glands

submandibular glands

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25
Q

Salivary glands secrete mucous and the digestive enzyme ___ ___ into the mouth to start carbohydrate digestion.

A

salivary amylase

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26
Q

Amylases will digest ___.

A

carbohydrates

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27
Q

How are carbohydrates digested in the mouth?

A

the enzyme salivary amylase digests them

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28
Q

Once the food is chewed and formed into a small round structure called a ___, it is pushed to the back of the throat to activate the swallowing reflex. Swallowing is also known as ___.

A

bolus

deglutition

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29
Q

Smooth muscles of the ___ push the food into the esophagus.

A

pharynx

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30
Q

The ___, which is a cartilagenous flap, closes off the larynx to allow food to bypass the larynx and enter the esophagus.

A

epiglottis

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31
Q

Swallowing is called ___.

A

deglutition

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32
Q

The esophagus transports the bolus down to the stomach via ___.

A

peristalsis

33
Q

There is a round muscle at the base of the esophagus called the lower ___ ___ that opens when food enters the stomach.

A

esophageal sphincter

34
Q

Food enters the stomach at the ___ region.

A

cardiac

35
Q

The other regions of the stomach include the ___, body, and ___. There are also greater and lesser ___ on the outside.

A

fundus

pylorus

curvatures

36
Q

What are the folds in the stomach lining called?

A

rugae

37
Q

Digestive substances in the stomach are secreted to help break down food into a pasty substance called ___.

A

chyme

38
Q

The chyme is pushed out of the stomach and passes through the ___ sphincter to the first part of the small intestine called the ___.

A

pyloric sphincter

duodenum

39
Q

The large intestine which begins at the ___.

A

cecum

40
Q

The ___ valve helps to regulate the flow of substances into the large intestine

A

ileocecal

41
Q

What extends off the cecum?

A

the appendix

42
Q

The appendix works to store friendly ___ which helps to further breakdown food.

A

bacteria

43
Q

The digested food now continues through the large intestine by passing through the ascending, ___ , descending and ___ colon before reaching the rectum and anus.

A

transverse

sigmoid

44
Q

Along with mechanical digestion from chewing (___), chemical digestion also begins in the mouth. The enzyme ___ ___ is secreted by the salivary glands which begins ___ digestion.

A

mastication

salivary amylase

carbohydrate

45
Q

Once food enters the ___, a number of gastric secretions continue the chemical digestion of food. The secretions are controlled by the hormone ___.

A

stomach

gastrin

46
Q

The ___ nervous system promotes the release of gastrin.

A

parasympathetic

47
Q

Secretions of the stomach include:

A
  • Pepsinogen
  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Intrinsic factor
  • Gastric lipase
48
Q

Pepsinogen combines with hydrochloric acid to form ___ which digests proteins.

A

pepsin

49
Q

___ ___ digests fats and intrinsic factor promotes Vit B12 absorption.

A

Gastric lipase

50
Q

All of the stomach secretions mix together to form a pasty substance called ___.

A

chyme

51
Q

Chyme exits the stomach and enters the ___ where more secretions help to further breakdown the chyme.

A

duodenum

52
Q

The duodenum secretes the hormone ___ that promotes pancreatic secretions.

A

secretin

53
Q

The ___ connects to the duodenum by way of the pancreatic duct.

A

pancreas

54
Q

How does the pancreas connect to the duodenum?

A

the pancreatic duct

55
Q

What part of the small intestine is the pancreas connected to?

A

duodenum

56
Q

The pancreas will secrete the enzymes:

A
  • Trypsin
  • Chymotrypsin
  • Pancreatic Lipase
  • Pancreatic amylase
57
Q

The pancreas also secretes ___ ions which help to ___ the acidic chyme and create an ___ environment. The digestive enzymes work better in an alkaline environment.

A

bicarbonate

neutralize

alkaline

58
Q

Do the digestive enzymes work better in an alkaline or acidic environment?

A

alkaline

59
Q

Bile is produced by the ___ and travels through a duct to the ___ that stores it.

A

liver

gallbladder

60
Q

When fatty chyme enters the duodenum, the hormone ___ (CCK) is secreted by the duodenum. CCK tells the gallbladder to contract causing ___ to travel through the common bile duct. Bile works to emulsify ___ which increases the surface area of fats to help the enzymes with digestion.

A

cholecystokinin

bile

fats

61
Q

When is CCK secreted?

A

when fatty chyme enters the duodenum

62
Q

What is the function of CCK?

A

CCK is secreted by the duodenum and tells the gallbladder to release bile

63
Q

What is the role of bile?

A

to emulsify fats

emulsifying fats increases their surface area, making it easier to digest

64
Q

Enzymes in the small intestine that help with digestion:

A
  • lipases
  • proteases
  • maltase
  • lactase
  • sucrase
65
Q

___ are enzymes that break down fats.

A

Lipases

66
Q

___ are enzymes that break down fats.

A

Proteases

67
Q

Maltase, lactase, and sucrase for the breakdown of ___ to simple sugars.

A

carbohydrates

68
Q

The small intestine is designed for ___.

A

absorption

69
Q

There are tiny projections called intestinal ___ which produce a brush border that creates a very large surface area for absorption.

A

villi

70
Q

Intestinal villi are tiny projections that produce a brush border that creates a large ___ ___ for absorption.

A

surface area

71
Q

There are also structures inside the small intestine called plicae circularae that also increase the ___ ___.

A

surface area

72
Q

In the ___, bacteria work to breakdown what is left from the small intestine and water and electrolytes are absorbed.

A

large intestine (colon)

73
Q

In the colon, there are pouchlike structures called ___ and a smooth muscle band called the ___ ___ that help to produce peristaltic contractions to help move substances along.

A

haustra

tenia coli

74
Q

The haustra and tenia coli are structures of the large intestine that help produce ___ ___ to help move substances along.

A

peristaltic contractions

75
Q

The alimentary canal ends at the ___ and ___.

A

rectum

anus

76
Q

The alimentary canal ends at the rectum and anus where the ___ reflex occurs which is under ___ control.

A

defecation

parasympathetic

77
Q

The ___ ___ ___ is located at the top of the esophagus, between the pharynx and the esophagus.

A

upper esophageal sphincter

78
Q

The ___ ___ ___ is located at the bottom end of the esophagus where food will move from the esophagus to the stomach.

A

lower esophageal sphincter

79
Q

The function of the pyloric sphincter is to ___.

A

control the entry of food into the duodenum

TEAS 7 Test Prep (12 decks)

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