Study guide for final part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the PHAB do?

A

The Public Health Accreditation Board runs a voluntary national accreditation program for state and local PH organizations

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2
Q

Further functions of the PHAB

A

Recognizes achievement of accreditation within a specific time frame
Measures performance against a set of nationally recognized, practice-focused and evidence-based standards
Ongoing development, improvement, and deployment of PH practice standards

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3
Q

How were the standards and processes for accreditation developed?

A

Based on the 10 essential PH services (EPHS) framework

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4
Q

What are the 3 pillars of accreditation?

A

Community health assessment
Community health improvement plan
Organizational strategic plan

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5
Q

What must PH organizations do in order to submit an application for accreditation?

A

Completion of:
Community Health Assessment
Community Health Improvement Plan
Strategic plan

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6
Q

When was the first accreditation completed of 11 local and state HDs?

A

2013

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7
Q

What percentage of local health departments had been accredited or entered the pipeline for accreditation by 2014?

A

~50%

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8
Q

What were the US total health expenditures in 2012?

A

$2.5 trillion

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9
Q

What were the PH expenditures in the US in 2012, both actual amount, and percentage of the total health expenditures?

A

$120 billion, 4.3% of the total health expenditures

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10
Q

How much was spent in 2012 for population-based services, and how much was this per person/yr?

A

$25 to $30 billion: < $100 per person/yr

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11
Q

How much was spent in 2012 for personal care?

A

$90 to $95 billion for personal care

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12
Q

How much in 2012 was spent per person per yr for the entire

A

$380

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13
Q

What are the fractions of pop-based service expenditures?

A

2/3 from non-federal (state and local) sources
1/3 from federal sources

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14
Q

What are the largest subgroups of the PH workforce?

A

Nurses and environmental health

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15
Q

What’s the pop’s dz status for primary prevention?

A

Susceptible

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16
Q

What are the effects of primary prevention?

A

Reduced dz incidence

17
Q

What is the pop’s dz status during secondary prevention?

A

Asymptomatic

18
Q

What are the effects of secondary prevention?

A

Reduced prevalence/consequences

19
Q

What is the pop’s dz status for tertiary prevention?

A

Symptomatic

20
Q

What are the effects of tertiary prevention?

A

Reduced complications/disability

21
Q

What is the broad definition of a HC system?

A

Major components of the system and processes that enable ppl to receive healthcare

22
Q

What is the restricted definition of a HC system?

A

The act of providing healthcare to pts (i.e., in a hospital or physician’s clinic)

23
Q

What are the primary objectives of a HC system?

A

To deliver services that are cost-effective and meet established standards of quality

24
Q

What are the four components of the quad-function model?

A

Financing
Insurance
Delivery
Payment (to provider)

25
Q

Is the US healthcare system really a system? if no, why not?

A

No
Little or no networking, interrelated components, standardization, coordination, cost containment as a whole, planning, or direction

26
Q

What are some negative aspects of the US HC system?

A

Duplication
Overlap
Inadequacy
Waste
Complexity
Inefficiency
Financial manipulation
Fragmentation

27
Q

What is the result in the US HC system?

A

Multiple financial arrangements
Many insurance companies with different risk mechanisms
Many payers with different determinations
A large array of settings where medical services are delivered
Many consulting firms

28
Q

What are the 10 main characteristics of the US HC system?

A

No central agency
Partial access
Imperfect market
Third-party insurers and payers
Multiple payers
Power balancing
Litigation risks
High technology
Continuum of services
Quest for quality