Study guide for final part 2 Flashcards
What does the PHAB do?
The Public Health Accreditation Board runs a voluntary national accreditation program for state and local PH organizations
Further functions of the PHAB
Recognizes achievement of accreditation within a specific time frame
Measures performance against a set of nationally recognized, practice-focused and evidence-based standards
Ongoing development, improvement, and deployment of PH practice standards
How were the standards and processes for accreditation developed?
Based on the 10 essential PH services (EPHS) framework
What are the 3 pillars of accreditation?
Community health assessment
Community health improvement plan
Organizational strategic plan
What must PH organizations do in order to submit an application for accreditation?
Completion of:
Community Health Assessment
Community Health Improvement Plan
Strategic plan
When was the first accreditation completed of 11 local and state HDs?
2013
What percentage of local health departments had been accredited or entered the pipeline for accreditation by 2014?
~50%
What were the US total health expenditures in 2012?
$2.5 trillion
What were the PH expenditures in the US in 2012, both actual amount, and percentage of the total health expenditures?
$120 billion, 4.3% of the total health expenditures
How much was spent in 2012 for population-based services, and how much was this per person/yr?
$25 to $30 billion: < $100 per person/yr
How much was spent in 2012 for personal care?
$90 to $95 billion for personal care
How much in 2012 was spent per person per yr for the entire
$380
What are the fractions of pop-based service expenditures?
2/3 from non-federal (state and local) sources
1/3 from federal sources
What are the largest subgroups of the PH workforce?
Nurses and environmental health
What’s the pop’s dz status for primary prevention?
Susceptible
What are the effects of primary prevention?
Reduced dz incidence
What is the pop’s dz status during secondary prevention?
Asymptomatic
What are the effects of secondary prevention?
Reduced prevalence/consequences
What is the pop’s dz status for tertiary prevention?
Symptomatic
What are the effects of tertiary prevention?
Reduced complications/disability
What is the broad definition of a HC system?
Major components of the system and processes that enable ppl to receive healthcare
What is the restricted definition of a HC system?
The act of providing healthcare to pts (i.e., in a hospital or physician’s clinic)
What are the primary objectives of a HC system?
To deliver services that are cost-effective and meet established standards of quality
What are the four components of the quad-function model?
Financing
Insurance
Delivery
Payment (to provider)
Is the US healthcare system really a system? if no, why not?
No
Little or no networking, interrelated components, standardization, coordination, cost containment as a whole, planning, or direction
What are some negative aspects of the US HC system?
Duplication
Overlap
Inadequacy
Waste
Complexity
Inefficiency
Financial manipulation
Fragmentation
What is the result in the US HC system?
Multiple financial arrangements
Many insurance companies with different risk mechanisms
Many payers with different determinations
A large array of settings where medical services are delivered
Many consulting firms
What are the 10 main characteristics of the US HC system?
No central agency
Partial access
Imperfect market
Third-party insurers and payers
Multiple payers
Power balancing
Litigation risks
High technology
Continuum of services
Quest for quality
