Module 5 lecture, part 4 Flashcards
Crude death rate formula
Total deaths/total pop
Age-specific mortality rate formula
Number of deaths within certain age grp/total # of persons in that age grp
Cause-specific mortality rate formula
of deaths from a specific dz/total pop
Infant mortality rate formula
of deaths from birth to 1 yr of age/number of live births that same yr
What are common mortality measures?
Crude death rate
Age-specific mortality rate
Cause-specific mortality rate
Infant mortality rate
Definition of utilization
The consumption of HC svcs and the extent to which HC svcs are used
What are the use of measures of utilization?
Play a critical role in the planning of HC delivery capacity
What do common utilization measures include?
Crude measure of utilization
Specific measure of utilization
Institution-specific utilization
What are the components of crude measure of utilization?
Access to primary care svcs
Utilization of primary care svcs
What are the components of specific measure of utilization?
Utilization of targeted svcs
Utilization of specific inpt svcs
What are the components of institution-specific utilization?
Avg daily census
Occupancy rate
Avg length of stay
What are the American beliefs in regards to the concepts of health and healthcare?
Biomedical model focused
What are Americans’ beliefs and values and implications?
Strong belief in the advancement of science
A champion of capitalism
Entrepreneurial spirit and self determination
Principles of free enterprise and distrust of the gov’t
Describe the biomedical model
Views optimum health as being free of sxs and emphasizes clinical dx and medical interventions to treat dz or sxs of dz
What are the implications of a strong belief in the advancement of science?
Helped create the medical model
What are the implications of being a champion of capitalism?
HC viewed as an economic good, not as a public resource
What are the implications of entrepreneurial spirit and self-determination?
The production and consumption of health determined by individual capabilities, not based on HC needs
What are the implications of principles of free enterprise and distrust of the gov’t?
Delivery of HC largely in private hands
Principles of market justice
Health care: economic good
Free market conditions assumed
Markets’ efficiency assumed in equitable allocation of health resources
Production and distribution determined by market-based demand
Distribution based on ppl’s ability to pay
HC viewed as an economic reward of personal efforts and achievement
Ppl know what is best for them given information
Works best with minimum interference from gov’t
Principles of social justice
Health care: social resource
Requires active gov’t involvement
Assumes that gov’t is more efficient in allocating health resources equitably
Medical resources allocation determined by central planning
Ability to pay is inconsequential for receiving medical care
Equal access to medical care viewed as a basic right
Implications of market justice
Individual responsibility for health
Benefits based on individual purchasing power
Limited obligation to the collective good
Emphasis on individual wellbeing
Private solutions to social problems
Rationing based on ability to pay: demand-side rationing or price rationing
Implications of social justice
Collective responsibility for health
Everyone entitled to a basic package of benefits
Strong obligation to the collective good
Community wellbeing supersedes that of the individual
Public solutions to social problems
Planned rationing of health care: supply-side rationing
Limitations of market justice
Principles fail to rectify critical human concerns
Does not always protect society
Market justice does not work well in health care delivery
Why does market justice fail to rectify critical human concerns?
Health care related to human productivity and achievement, and basic human dignity
Why does market justice not always protect society?
Ill health is not always confined to an individual
Why does market justice not always work well in HC delivery?
Economic prosperity did not reduce the number of uninsured
