Module 3 lecture part 3 Flashcards
Is demand for PH occupations growing? If yes, what occupations does this include?
Yes.
Epidemiologists
Health educators
Health information specialists
Emergency response coordinators
Public Health Information Officers
What are the core competencies for PH professionals (8 domains)?
Analytic/assessment skills
Policy development/program planning skills
Communication skills
Cultural competency skills
Community dimension of practice skills
PH sciences skills
Financial planning and management skills
Leadership and systems thinking skills
To whom do tier 1 competencies apply?
Those who carry out the day-to-day tasks of PH organizations
To whom do tier 2 competencies apply?
PH professionals in program management or supervisory roles
To whom do tier 3 competencies apply?
PH professionals at a senior management level and to leaders of PH organizations
What are the practical uses for the competency framework?
Serve as models for:
Developing job descriptions
Training of new employees
Employee self-assessment
Supervisors Employee Performance Assessment
What improvements are needed in the competencies?
Workforce planning and training based on PH practice competencies
Certifying competencies among practitioners
What are issues related to comprehensive PH workforce development?
Valuing and promoting PH competencies and credentials in the workplace
Credentialing:
-Use of health professional credentialing
Credentials specific to PH: the “Certified in PH” credential
Lack of a common currency in the form of PH continuing education unit
When did the certified in public health credential begin for MPH program graduates?
2008
What would a common currency in the form of PH continuing education units provide?
A considerable incentive for competency-based approaches to PH workforce development?
What is the capacity?
Aka inputs
The structural components of the PH infrastructure
What do processes represent?
What those inputs do
How is the bottom line measured in public sector organization as opposed to private organizations?
Health outcomes instead of profits or consumer satisfaction
What type of environments are public sector organizations as opposed to private orgs?
Political and bureaucratic that are unique
How has management in public sector orgs changed?
Went from command and control approach to collaborative approaches to address complex problems that can be solved in collaboration with other agencies
What is the link to the community in public sector orgs?
Boards of health
Advisory committees
From where are specific authorities derived in public sector organizations?
Statutes or ordinances
By 2013, what percentage of LHDs had a local board of heatlh?
70%
Who was more likely to have a local board of health: Larger or smaller local health depts?
Smaller
What are components of leadership in PH?
Emphasis on collective and individual leadership
Leadership as an agent of social change because of the nature of the problems it deals with and the approaches to solve them.
Moving away from physician directors in state and local HDs
What fraction of LHDs have a physician CEO?
1/8
The modern PH system represents the work of both _____ and ____ orgs
Government
Non-government
What are some examples of NGOs that play major roles in PH activities?
National TB Association
National Consumers League
American Red Cross
March of Dimes
Mothers Against Drunk Driving
American Medical Association
Labor orgs
Has the importance of collaboration with other agencies and orgs increased or decreased?
Increased
What are coalitions and consortia?
Formal partnerships involving 2 or more grps working together to achieve specific goals according to a common plan
What are the advantages of coalitions and consortia?
Function more efficiently d/t shared work plans and resources
Conserve limited resources
Reach a larger part of the community
Carry greater credibility
A broad range of inputs and perspectives
Better communication and information flows
What surveillance systems are used to monitor health status and RFs?
US Census
CDC NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) data
To what uses are information resources useful?
Assessment function of PH
Surveillance systems
Community planning and organizational planning
Evidence-based policies and decisions
Why does the assessment function need information resources?
Monitor health status and risk factors
ID and eval community resources
Inform and advise manager, policy makers, and the public
What are the principles of PH information?
Recognize different types of data
Provide for integrated management to:
-Meet individual needs
-Portray individuals’ program participation patterns
Maintain service orientation
Ensure flexibility to:
-Adapt to the differences in data collection resources at the local level
-Accommodate broader PH data needs
Achieve system compatibility to allow data flow and functioning across systems
Protect confidentiality
What are two different types of data?
Encounter-based
Population-based
Why do organizations need information resources?
Strategic and operational planning activities
Why is it difficult to link financial expenditures to the core functions and EPHS framework?
Both pop-based and personal health services included in the framework
Not looking like EPHS, even though they actually are
Some personal health services are included in the EPHS framework
Other non-public sector entities doing EPHS
-1/4 to 1/3 by non-governmental PH agencies
Some essential PH service activities:
-Are not categorized as PH activities
-Performed by non-public health governmental agencies
-Imbedded in other gov’t-sponsored programs
What were the US total health expenditures in 2012?
$2.5 trillion
What were the PH expenditures in the US in 2012, both actual amount, and percentage of the total health expenditures?
$120 billion, 4.3% of the total health expenditures
How much was spent in 2012 for population-based services, and how much was this per person/yr?
$25 to $30 billion: < $100 per person/yr
How much was spent in 2012 for personal care?
$90 to $95 billion for personal care
How much in 2012 was spent per person per yr for the entire
$380
What are the fractions of pop-based service expenditures?
2/3 from non-federal (state and local) sources
1/3 from federal sources
Why is having the most expenditures from non-federal sources a source of concern?
Bc of the weak tax bases of state and local gov’ts and political opposition to tax increases.
What were the PH Infrastructure Objectives categories for Healthy Ppl 2020?
Workforce
Data and info systems
PH orgs
How many objectives in the infrastructure for Healthy Ppl 2020 were there?
17
