Study guide for final part 1

Question 1

WHO definition of health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

Question 2

How are dz trends changing?

Answer 2

Shift from infectious to chronic dz

Question 3

What are major global threats to health in the 21st century

Answer 3

Overpopulation
Production of greenhouse gases
Poverty

Question 4

Steps of health problem analysis

Answer 4

Begins with the identification of a health problem
Establishes determinants
Identifies direct contributing factors for the determinants
Identifies indirect contributing factors

Question 5

What are common economic analysis approaches?

Answer 5

Cost-benefit
Cost-effectiveness
Cost utility

Question 6

What do cost benefit analyses involve?

Answer 6

Assess the ratio of costs to benefits
Determine whether the result of an intervention justifies its expense
Most comprehensive
Gold standard of economic evaluations
Results are expressed in terms of net costs, net benefits, and time required to recoup an inital investment
Health outcome benefits are expressed in years of life gained or quality-adjusted life years

Question 7

What do cost effectiveness analyses involve?

Answer 7

Cost to achieve a specific outcome
Focus on one outcome when several options are available
Compare cost-effectiveness when several options are available
Results expressed as cost per life saved or cost per case prevented.
The outcomes could be years of life saved, cases prevented, cases diagnosed
More appropriate for health promotion programs or interventions

Question 8

Cost utility analyses- what do they involve?

Answer 8

Cost to achieve a quality-adjusted outcome
Useful when an intervention affects both morbidity and mortality
Useful when there are a variety of outcomes
Results are characterized as cost per quality adjusted life years

Question 9

What is Healthy People?

Answer 9

A nation’s 10-year goals and objectives for health promotion and dz prevention
Produces a framework for public health priorities and interventions

Question 10

What does the Public Health in America document of 1994 contain?

Answer 10

Broad vision and articulation of the mission of public health
Core functions of public health
Essential PH services.

Question 11

What prevention level is health promotion? What state is addressed?

Answer 11

Primary
Health

Question 12

What prevention level is specific promotion?
What does it adddress?

Answer 12

Primary
Health

Question 13

What prevention level is early case finding and prompt tx?
What state does it address?

Answer 13

Secondary
Illness

Question 14

What prevention level is disability limitation? What state does it address?

Answer 14

Tertiary
Illness

Question 15

What prevention level is rehabilitation?
What state does it address?

Answer 15

Tertiary
Illness

Question 16

What strategy do most Americans associate with healthcare?

Answer 16

Disability limitation because this is where most resources are deployed

Question 17

What is the practice domain of health promotion? Who does it target?

Answer 17

Public health
Community

Question 18

What is the practice domain of specific promotion? Who does it target?

Answer 18

Public health
Community or risk group

Question 19

What is the practice domain of early case finding and prompt tx? Who does it target?

Answer 19

Public health and primary medical care
Individual

Question 20

What is the practice domain of disability limitation? Who does it target?

Answer 20

Secondary/tertiary medical care
Individual

Question 21

What is the practice domain of rehabilitation? Who does it target?

Answer 21

Long term care
Individual and group

Question 22

What does primary prevention reduce: incidence or prevalence, and why?

Answer 22

Incidence because it stops dzs or conditions before they occur

Question 23

What does secondary and tertiary prevention reduce: incidence or prevalence, and why?

Answer 23

Prevalence by shortening duration and minimizing the consequences of dz or injury

Question 24

What are several important demographic and utilization trends?

Answer 24

Aging pop
Ethnic and racial diversity
Changes in family structure
Persistent inequalities in access to services

Question 25

By how much will the pop over 65 and over 85 increase between 2000 and 2030?

Answer 25

Double

Question 26

Why will tx costs increase?

Answer 26

Chronic dzs become more prevalent with aging

Question 27

What role does ethnic and social diversity play?

Answer 27

Implications for health service needs
Importance of cultural competence for health professionals

Question 28

What changes in family structure are taking place? What changes in needs occur as a result?

Answer 28

1 in 3 children live in a one-parent household
Women’s labor force participation
Married women with young children under 5 in the labor force- both increased
Access, availability, and types of services

Question 29

The non-white population is growing __ times faster than the white pop. How fast is the Hispanic pop increasing?

Answer 29

3
5x