Prof hints quiz 4 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How do practice variations contribute to cost escalation?

A

Geographic variations in tx patterns and utilization
Signal gross inefficiencies in the system and unfairness
Compromise both cost and quality

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2
Q

Where does restriction occur in supply-side controls?

A

Restriction on capital expenditures
-Certificate of need (CON) statutes by state legislation
Restriction on supply of physicians
-Entry barriers for foreign medical graduates

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3
Q

Three cornerstones of HC delivery

A

Cost
Access
Quality

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4
Q

High quality care = ?

A

The most cost-effective care
Cost is important in evaluating quality

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5
Q

Reasons for cost escalation

A

Third party payment
Imperfect market
Growth of technology
Increase in elderly pop
Medical model of health care delivery
Multipayer system and admin costs
Defensive medicine
Fraud and system abuse
Practice variations = small area variations (SAV)

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6
Q

How has 3rd party payment affected cost escalation?

A

Moral hazard
Provider-induced demand

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7
Q

How has the imperfect market affected cost escalation?

A

Neither free nor highly regulated
Prices far exceed the cost of production
Both quantity and price remain unchecked

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8
Q

How has growth of technology affected cost escalation?

A

High R & D spending
Innovation that leads to utilization
High tech creates demand for new svcs
Once invested, should maintain high utilization to recoup capital investments

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9
Q

How has the increase in elderly pop contributed to cost escalation?

A

Increased longevity
Baby boomer generation
Three times of HC use compared to younger ppl

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10
Q

How has the medical model of HC delivery contributed to cost escalation?

A

Misplaced emphasis on medical txs
Health promotion/dz prevention takes a backseat
More costly HC resources deployed to treat health problems that could have been prevented

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11
Q

How have the multipayer system and admin costs contributed to cost escalation?

A

Overall inefficiencies of the multipayer system
A billing and collection nightmare
US spending on admin costs > other countries

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12
Q

What is defensive medicine?

A

Unjustified medical tests and txs done for self-protection against the possibility of litigation
Along with malpractice insurance, this is costly and inefficient

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13
Q

How does fraud and system abuse contribute to cost escalation?

A

Knowing disregard of the truth
Major problem in Medicare and Medicaid
Falsified billing claims or cost reports
Unnecessary svcs provided
Upcoding: billing for a higher-priced svc when a lower-priced svc was delivered
Receiving kickbacks for referrals and self-referrals

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14
Q

Quality assessment

A

Measurement of quality against an established standard
Define how quality is determined, identify specific variables or indicators, collect data, statistical analysis, interpretation
Subjective measures must be quanified
Measurement scales with validity and reliability

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15
Q

Quality assurance

A

The process of institutionalizing quality through ongoing assessment and using the assessment results for continuous quality improvement (CQI)
Based on the principles of total quality management (TQM)
A step beyond quality assessment
Cannot occur without quality assessment

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16
Q

Structure in the Donabedian model

A

Facilities and equipment
Staffing levels and staff qualifications
Delivery system: distribution of hospital beds and physicians

17
Q

Facilities and the Donabedian model

A

Licensing
Accreditation

18
Q

Staff qualifications and the Donabedian model

A

Licensure and accreditation
Training

19
Q

Delivery system and the Donabedian model

A

Distribution of hospital beds and physicians

20
Q

Process and the Donabedian model

A

Technical aspects of care
Interpersonal aspects of care

21
Q

Technical aspects of care and the Donabedian model

A

Dx
Tx procedures
Correct prescriptions
Accurate drug administration
Pharmaceutical care
Waiting time
Cost

22
Q

Interpersonal care and the Donabedian model

A

Communication
Dignity and respect
Compassion and concern

23
Q

Outcome and the Donabedian model

A

Measured and compared against pre-established benchmarks

24
Q

Final results in the Donabedian model

A

Pt satisfaction
Health status
Recovery
Improvement
Nosocomial infections
Iatrogenic illnesses
Rehospitalization
Mortality
Incidence and prevalence of dz

25
Q

Cost efficiency

A

Cost efficient when the benefit is greater than the cost
Underutilization and overutilization

26
Q

ACA and access

A

Promises to increase access to affordable insurance coverage, and supports improvements in primary care and wellness