Module 5 lecture, part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the broad definition of a HC system?

A

Major components of the system and processes that enable ppl to receive healthcare

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2
Q

What is the restricted definition of a HC system?

A

The act of providing healthcare to pts (i.e., in a hospital or physician’s clinic)

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3
Q

What are the primary objectives of a HC system?

A

To deliver services that are cost-effective and meet established standards of quality

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4
Q

What are the four components of the quad-function model?

A

Financing
Insurance
Delivery
Payment (to provider)

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5
Q

What is the purpose of financing?

A

To obtain health insurance or to pay for HC services

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6
Q

Who finances HC as a fringe benefit?

A

Employers

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7
Q

Who is the financier in public programs?

A

The gov’t

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8
Q

What does insurance do?

A

Protects the insured against catastrophic risks
Determines the package

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9
Q

What is delivery?

A

The provision of HC services by various providers

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10
Q

In the US, where does most HC delivery come from?

A

Private providers

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11
Q

The amount to pay is determined by who?

A

The insurer

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12
Q

From what sources do providers get paid?

A

Co-pay by the pt and the remainder paid by the insurance company
The revenues used to pay providers in gov’t plans

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13
Q

Where do the funds come from?

A

From premiums paid to the MCO or insurance company

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14
Q

Who can function as a claims processor and mange the distribution of funds to the HC providers?

A

MCO or insurance company

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15
Q

Definition of provider

A

Any entity that delivers HC services and receives insurance payment directly for those services

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16
Q

Is the US healthcare system really a system? if no, why not?

A

No
Little or no networking, interrelated components, standardization, coordination, cost containment as a whole, planning, or direction

17
Q

What are some negative aspects of the US HC system?

A

Duplication
Overlap
Inadequacy
Waste
Complexity
Inefficiency
Financial manipulation
Fragmentation

18
Q

What is the result in the US HC system?

A

Multiple financial arrangements
Many insurance companies with different risk mechanisms
Many payers with different determinations
A large array of settings where medical services are delivered
Many consulting firms

19
Q

What are the 10 main characteristics of the US HC system?

A

No central agency
Partial access
Imperfect market
Third-party insurers and payers
Multiple payers
Power balancing
Litigation risks
High technology
Continuum of services
Quest for quality

20
Q

Describe why there is no central agency in the US HC system?

A

No global budget to determine total HC expenses
No governmental controls of the frequency of HC services
Mostly private financing and delivery

21
Q

Aspects of partial access in the US HC system

A

Access restricted to those with insurance coverage or money to pay for services
Those without insurance or money wait until a health problem arises then receive HC at an emergency room
Lack of access to primary care leads to a lag in pop health

22
Q

What type of financing accounts for 53% of total healthcare expenditures

A

Private financing, primary through employers

23
Q

Who determines the public health sector expenses and reimbursement rates for Medicare and Medicaid?

A

The gov’t

24
Q

Who sets standards of participation through policy and regulations?

A

The gov’t

25
Q

What must providers do in order to be certified to provide for Medicare and Medicaid pts?

A

They must comply with standards. These certification standards are regarded as minimum standards of quality.

26
Q

Define access

A

The ability to obtain HC when needed

27
Q

Who finances the remaining 47%?

A

The gov’t

28
Q

Who finances 53% of insurance?

A

Individuals