Module 6 lecture, part 1 Flashcards
What is the largest and most powerful employer in the US?
HC industry
What percentage of the labor force does the HC industry comprise in the U.S.
> 3%
What percentage of the GDP in 2014 was the U.S. HC force?
17.1%
What percentage of the workforce is employed by hospitals?
40.6%
What percentage is employed by nursing and personal care facilities?
10.4%
What percentage is employed by physician offices and clinics as of 2009?
9.4%
Why will HC continue to grow?
Growth in pop
Aging of pop
What are the 2 degrees of physicians?
MD and DO
What are the 2 degrees of dentists?
DDS or DDM
What are the level of dental professionals below dentists?
Dental hygienists, then dental assistants below them
What is the degree for pharmacists?
PharmD
What are other doctoral level professionals?
Optometrists: OD
Psychologists: PhD or PsyD
Podiatrists: DPM
Chiropractors: DC
What are the two types of nurses?
RNs
LPN
What are types of non-physician practitioners (aka, advanced practice providers?)
PAs
NPs
CNMs
What are examples of allied health professionals?
Includes many health-related professionals
-Therapists
-Social workers
-Educators
Aspects of MDs
Trained in allopathic medicine
Views medical tx as active intervention to neutralize the effects of dz
Most are a specialist
Aspects of DOs
Emphasizes the musculoskeletal system of the body
Stresses preventative medicine
Takes a holistic approach
About 8.8% of active physicians are osteopaths
Most are a generalist
What are the types of generalist physicians, what do they do, and what types of pts do they see?
PCPs
Trained in family medicine or general practice, general internal med, and pediatrics
Provide preventative medicine
Pts with problems that are less severe and occur frequently
Training of specialist physicians
Must seek certification in a medical specialization
Takes more yrs of advanced training plus yrs of practice
How are physicians licensed to practice?
State licensure requirements, including graduation from an accredited medical school that awards MD or DO, passing a licensure exam, and completion of a supervised internship or residency program
Aspects of primary care
The first contact to the HC system
“Gate-keepers” in managed care
Longitudinal: f/u in tx and coordinate care; serve as pt advisors and advocates
Focuses on the whole person
Trained in ambulatory care settings
Aspects of specialty care
Sees pt after a general practitioner
Requires referral from a PCP to see a pt
Episodic, more focused and intense cases
Deals with specific dzs or body organs
Trained in inpt hospitals, using state-of-the-art tech
What are some physician-related issues in medical practice?
Issues in clinical guidelines
-Standardized guidelines have been tried but have been criticized for limitations in applicability, flexibility, and objectivity
Dz-centered reactive practice patterns
What are some physician-related issues in medical training?
Graduate medical education funded by Medicare through teaching hospitals without gov’t control
Producing more specialists than PCPs due to emphasis on hospital-based training`
How is there an imbalance in physician supply?
More PCPs needed in the future
Shrinking PCPs: older or near retirement PCPs, fewer med students choosing primary care
