Module 6 lecture, part 1

Question 1

What is the largest and most powerful employer in the US?

Answer 1

HC industry

Question 2

What percentage of the labor force does the HC industry comprise in the U.S.

Answer 2

> 3%

Question 3

What percentage of the GDP in 2014 was the U.S. HC force?

Answer 3

17.1%

Question 4

What percentage of the workforce is employed by hospitals?

Answer 4

40.6%

Question 5

What percentage is employed by nursing and personal care facilities?

Answer 5

10.4%

Question 6

What percentage is employed by physician offices and clinics as of 2009?

Answer 6

9.4%

Question 7

Why will HC continue to grow?

Answer 7

Growth in pop
Aging of pop

Question 8

What are the 2 degrees of physicians?

Answer 8

MD and DO

Question 9

What are the 2 degrees of dentists?

Answer 9

DDS or DDM

Question 10

What are the level of dental professionals below dentists?

Answer 10

Dental hygienists, then dental assistants below them

Question 11

What is the degree for pharmacists?

Answer 11

PharmD

Question 12

What are other doctoral level professionals?

Answer 12

Optometrists: OD
Psychologists: PhD or PsyD
Podiatrists: DPM
Chiropractors: DC

Question 13

What are the two types of nurses?

Answer 13

RNs
LPN

Question 14

What are types of non-physician practitioners (aka, advanced practice providers?)

Answer 14

PAs
NPs
CNMs

Question 15

What are examples of allied health professionals?

Answer 15

Includes many health-related professionals
-Therapists
-Social workers
-Educators

Question 16

Aspects of MDs

Answer 16

Trained in allopathic medicine
Views medical tx as active intervention to neutralize the effects of dz
Most are a specialist

Question 17

Aspects of DOs

Answer 17

Emphasizes the musculoskeletal system of the body
Stresses preventative medicine
Takes a holistic approach
About 8.8% of active physicians are osteopaths
Most are a generalist

Question 18

What are the types of generalist physicians, what do they do, and what types of pts do they see?

Answer 18

PCPs
Trained in family medicine or general practice, general internal med, and pediatrics
Provide preventative medicine
Pts with problems that are less severe and occur frequently

Question 19

Training of specialist physicians

Answer 19

Must seek certification in a medical specialization
Takes more yrs of advanced training plus yrs of practice

Question 20

How are physicians licensed to practice?

Answer 20

State licensure requirements, including graduation from an accredited medical school that awards MD or DO, passing a licensure exam, and completion of a supervised internship or residency program

Question 21

Aspects of primary care

Answer 21

The first contact to the HC system
“Gate-keepers” in managed care
Longitudinal: f/u in tx and coordinate care; serve as pt advisors and advocates
Focuses on the whole person
Trained in ambulatory care settings

Question 22

Aspects of specialty care

Answer 22

Sees pt after a general practitioner
Requires referral from a PCP to see a pt
Episodic, more focused and intense cases
Deals with specific dzs or body organs
Trained in inpt hospitals, using state-of-the-art tech

Question 23

What are some physician-related issues in medical practice?

Answer 23

Issues in clinical guidelines
-Standardized guidelines have been tried but have been criticized for limitations in applicability, flexibility, and objectivity
Dz-centered reactive practice patterns

Question 24

What are some physician-related issues in medical training?

Answer 24

Graduate medical education funded by Medicare through teaching hospitals without gov’t control
Producing more specialists than PCPs due to emphasis on hospital-based training`

Question 25

How is there an imbalance in physician supply?

Answer 25

More PCPs needed in the future
Shrinking PCPs: older or near retirement PCPs, fewer med students choosing primary care