Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Introduction to Health Systems > Prof Hints for Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Prof Hints for Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basis of categorization of PH programs/services

A

Broad outcomes
Level of prevention
Intervention strategy
Practice domain: PH or medical care
Target pop: individuals or pops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the broad outcomes?

A

Prevent epidemics and spread of dz
Protect against environmental hazards
Prevent injuries
Promote and encourage healthy behaviors
Respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery
Assure the quality, accessibility, and accountability of health svcs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are these broad outcomes identified?

A

Public Health in America 1994

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are outcome objectives?

A

“Ends” or expectations/outcomes/benefits of the program

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are HP goals written?

A

In relation to health status or quality of life related measures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In what order are objectives written?

A

Outcome objectives
Process objectives
Activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are process objectives?

A

“Means” that will be used to achieve the “ends” (tasks, service provision)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are activities?

A

Refinement of details of program implementation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do outcome objectives do?

A

Translate a program goal into precise and measurable language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are outcome objectives aimed at?

A

Changes in health status, risk factors, quality of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the key words of outcome objectives?

A

Increase, decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are intermediate outcome (short-term impact) objectives?

A

Changes needed before changes in (final) outcome objectives
-Learning objectives related to cognitive factors or skill
-Behavioral objectives
-Environmental objectives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are final outcome objectives?

A

The ultimate objectives of a program; the results to be achieved; changes in health status, QOL, risk, social benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How could outcome objectives be expressed?

A

Morbidity or mortality measures
Physiological measures
Consequences of health status
Quality of life measures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are key words used in process objectives?

A

Provide, develop, establish, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are process objectives listed?

A

For the whole program, each goal, or each outcome objective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do process outcomes focus on?

A

Administrative aspects, such as resources, participation, products, and completion of tasks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are elements of an objective?

A

Process or outcome to be achieved (Action, behavior, something that will change as the result of the program)
Condition or time frame of the change
Criterion for determining achievement
Priority for determining achievement
Priority pop or the target of the change
Responsibility in process objectives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does evaluation do?

A

Helps programs respond to changing conditions and determine effectiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When should evaluation strategies be developed, and how should they be carried out?

A

Developed before programs are implemented
Carried out concurrently and continously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Purposes of evaluation

A

Determine achievement of objectives
Improve program implementation through ongoing feedback
Provide accountability by meeting reporting requirements of funding and regulatory agencies
Increase community support by increasing community awareness and promoting positive public relations
Contribute to the scientific base
Inform policy decisions by showing what works best in practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are PH roles in emergency preparedness and response?

A

Surveillance
Epidemiologic investigation and analysis
Laboratory investigation and analysis
Intervention
Risk communication
Preparedness planning
Community-wide response
Bioterrorism expertise
Workplace preparedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When were new national policies and priorities put in place for national preparedness and response coordination?

A

After 9/11/2001

24
Q

When was Department of Homeland Security created?

A

2003`

25
Q

What does DHS’s authority and powers relate to?

A

Domestic terrorism and security

26
Q

Why was the National Incident Management System (NIMS) established by the DHS?

A

To guide departments and agencies at all levels of government, NGOs, and the private sector to work together seamlessly and manage incidents involving all threats and hazards, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity

27
Q

in order to get the best services from NIMS, what must states do?

A

Develop incident management systems that are interoperable with NIMS

28
Q

What are agencies with the DHHS?

A

CDC
HRSA (Health Resources and Services Administration)
FDA
NIH
National Disaster Medical System (NDMS)

29
Q

What are agencies with the DHS?

A

FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)
Metropolitan Medical Response Systems (MMRSs)
Border and Transportation Security

30
Q

What are other federal agencies and assets for emergency preparedness and reponse?

A

EPA
Dept of Defense
DOJ
Strategic National Stockpile

31
Q

What was the trend for federal funding for emergency preparedness in 2001

A

Increase due to 9/11 and anthrax attacks in 2001

32
Q

How much was spent for fiscal yr 2002 for CDC’s anti-terrorism activities?

A

$2.1 billion

33
Q

How much was spent in fiscal yr 2002 for grants to states and localities to upgrade state and local capacity for emergency response?

A

$917 million

34
Q

Characteristics of state and local agency involvement in emergency preparedness and response

A

Considerable differences across states
A variety of state agencies involved in emergency preparedness and response
Most state HDs responsible for EMS systems
State environmental health agencies also play important roles
Separate state emergency management agency patterned after FEMA
State dep’t of homeland security

35
Q

What percentage of local HDs responded to an emergency in 2012?

A

60%

36
Q

What percentage of local HDs participated in exercises or drills of some sort for emergency preparedness?

A

93%

37
Q

How did federal funding for emergency preparedness and response affect local HD functions and services?

A

It strengthened them

38
Q

What are the four components of the quad-function model?

A

Financing
Insurance
Delivery
Payment (to provider)

39
Q

Who finances HC as a fringe benefit?

A

Employers

40
Q

Who is the financier in public programs?

A

The gov’t

41
Q

What does insurance do?

A

Protects the insured against catastrophic risks
Determines the package

42
Q

In the US, where does most HC delivery come from?

A

Private providers

43
Q

The amount to pay is determined by who?

A

The insurer

44
Q

From what sources do providers get paid?

A

Co-pay by the pt and the remainder paid by the insurance company
The revenues used to pay providers in gov’t plans

45
Q

Where do the funds come from for insurance?

A

From premiums paid to the MCO or insurance company

46
Q

Who can function as a claims processor and mange the distribution of funds to the HC providers?

A

MCO or insurance company

47
Q

What are the 10 main characteristics of the US HC system?

A

No central agency
Partial access
Imperfect market
Third-party insurers and payers
Multiple payers
Power balancing
Litigation risks
High technology
Continuum of services
Quest for quality

48
Q

Describe why there is no central agency in the US HC system?

A

No global budget to determine total HC expenses
No governmental controls of the frequency of HC services
Mostly private financing and delivery

49
Q

Who finances the remaining 47%?

A

The gov’t

50
Q

What must providers do in order to be certified to provide for Medicare and Medicaid pts?

A

They must comply with standards. These certification standards are regarded as minimum standards of quality.

51
Q

Who finances 53% of insurance?

A

Individuals

52
Q

Definition of incidence

A

Number of new cases occurring in the pop at risk within a certain period of time

53
Q

Definition of prevalence

A

Total # of cases at specific point in time in a defined pop

54
Q

What do ADLs evaluate? What are ADLs appropriate fo?

A

Evaluates self-care and mobility
Appropriate for both community-dwelling and institutionalized adults

55
Q

What are the 7 ADLs?

A

Feeding
Bathing
Dressing
Using the toilet
Transferring
Grooming
Walking 8 ft

56
Q

What do IADLs evaluate? What do they require?

A

Evaluate activities necessary for independent living in the community
Require higher cognitive functioning than ADLs

57
Q

What are some examples of IADLs?

A

Using phone
Driving a car or traveling alone on a bus or by taxi
Shopping and preparing meals
Doing light housework
Taking meds
Handling money
Walking up and down stairs
Walking a half mile without assistance

Introduction to Health Systems (66 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions