Module 6 lecture, part 4 Flashcards
What does telehealth encompass?
Educational, research, and administrative uses, involving clinical professionals other than physicians
Characteristics of remote monitoring at home
Cost effective
Low manpower and resource use
For vital signs, BP, blood glucose, and cardiac function
Definition of innovation
Creation of a new product, technique, or service
Definition of diffusion
Spread of tech into society
Innovation sees rapid infusion when new tech is…?
Beneficial and the benefit can be evaluated
Compatible with the adopter’s values and needs
Reimbursable
To what does technological imperative refer?
Desire to have state-of-the art tech available and use it despite the cost
What does lack of control on the expansion of new medical tech lead to?
US being foremost in the world in technological innovation and use
What do other nations do in terms of medical technological innovation
Limit the diffusion and utilization of high tech procedures through central planning
What are the forces driving innovation and diffusion?
Anthro-cultural beliefs and values
Medical specialization
Financing and payment
Tech-driven competition among providers
Expenditures on R & D
Americans’ resistance to supply-side controls makes it impossible to limit tech and control HC costs
Gov’t’s approval of drugs and devices; funding of biomedical research
Aspects of anthro-cultural beliefs and values that influence innovation and diffusion
Advanced tech equated with high quality, which is rooted in the medical model
How does medical specialization influence innovation and diffusion?
Hosp-based training of physicians; high-intensity care regarded as high-quality care
How does financing and payment influence innovation and diffusion?
Fee for service
Moral hazard
Pressure on insurers to cover new services
How does technology-driven competition among providers favor innovation and diffusion?
To attract pts and recruit specialists
Describe percentages of expenditures on R & D
5% of total HC expenditures in 2011
57% of R & D spending by private pharmaceutical, biotech, and medical device industries
What does the FDA approval process include?
Safety
Effectiveness
Access (e.g., prescription or OTC)
What were the ACA’s effects on devices and biologics?
Excise tax (2.3%) on certain medical devices
The Biologics Prices Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 incorporated into ACA for the FDA to regulate biosimilars
The Biosimilar User Fee Act of 2012 authorizes the FDA to charge a user fee for the premarketing review of biosimilars
Impact of medical tech
Quality of care
QoL
HC costs
Access
Structures and processes of HC delivery
Global medical practice: US innovations become available to other countries
Bioethics: serious ethical dilemmas
How does medical technology impact access?
GP tech
Mobile equipment
Telemedicine
What are some bioethical issues with tech?
Spare embryos left over from in vitro fertilization
Gene mapping
Genetic cloning
Stem cell research
Life support tech
Positive impacts of tech on quality of care
Txs that previously did not exist
Improved dx and tx
Greater effectiveness
Less invasive procedures
Gene therapy
Regenerative medicine
Better outcomes: quick recovery, increased life expectancy, decreased morbidity and disability
Concerns about medical technology on quality of care
New tech= higher quality?
Could be wasteful or harmful if not appropriately assessed
What is medical tech’s impact on quality of life?
Enables ppl with disabilities and chronic conditions to live nl lives
-Prosthetic devices for speech, hearing, vision, and movement
-Long-term maintenance therapies for chronic conditions
Pain management
Fatal dzs in the past are chronic dzs now
Impact of medical tech on HC costs: cost inflation associated with adoption
Acquisition of new tech and equipment
Training of personnel to use the tech
Facility costs for housing and setting requirments
Impact of medical tech on HC costs: cost inflation associated with utilization
Supply side: to maintain the volume to recover the investment
Demand side: d/t perceptions and insurance coverage
Impact of medical tech on HC costs: cost saving
Reduced hospitalizations
Reduced labor costs
Error reduction
