Module 1 lecture Flashcards
How has the definition of health evolved?
From absence of dz to a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
Revised in 1978 calling for a level of health that permits ppl to lead socially and economically productive lives
Health and dz are not necessarily opposites
How has there been a shift in measuring health?
Shift from mortality-based measures to indicators of functionality and healthy lifespan
-Both quality and quantity are important
-Perceptions are influenced by social and cultural factors
Why is mortality data used in measuring health?
Because it is most readily available
What are two common measures of health?
Mortality and life expectancy
What is an overall indicator of pop health?
Life expectancy
How is health status improving in the US?
Life expectancy at birth
Birth outcomes better
Years of healthy life
How are dz trends changing?
Shift from infectious to chronic dz
Where are disparities increasing?
Ethnic and racial groups
Socioeconomic groups
What is the ecological model of health?
There are a range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
Definition of risk factors
The factors linked with health problems
What do risk factors include?
Biological
Environmental
Lifestyle
Psychosocial
Use and access to health services
What are major global threats to health in the 21st century
Overpopulation
Production of greenhouse gases
Poverty
What do social conditions include?
Economic inequality
Urbanization
Mobility
Cultural values, attitudes
Policies related to discrimination and intolerance on the basis of race, gender, and other differences
What do conditions in the national level include?
Major sociopolitical shifts, such as:
Recession
War
Governmental collapse
What does the built environment include?
Transportation
Water and sanitation
Housing
Urban planning
What are the three levels of risk factors?
Determinants
Direct contributing factors
Indirect contributing factors
Determinants in terms of risk factors
Most proximal
Proven to directly influence the level of a health problem
What is a direct contributing factor?
Scientifically established to affect the level of a determinant
What are indirect factors?
Community specific
Affect the level of a direct contributing factor
More likely to be controllable and the basis of community interventions