Module 4 lecture part 1 Flashcards
How are interventions, programs, and services different?
Interventions: in a variety of forms including programs, statutes, regs, and policies
Programs: collections of activities that have common objectives
-Provide the framework for describing the scope and content of PH practice and for cataloging PH expenditures
Services: one aspect of programs
How do orgs generally develop budgets and track expenditures?
On a program-by-program basis
Programs and their component processes are sometimes called _____ if they serve and benefit certain target individuals or grps
Services
What is the basis of categorization of PH programs/services
Broad outcomes
Level of prevention
Intervention strategy
Practice domain: PH or medical care
Target pop: individuals or pops
What is PH responsible for in terms of practice domains?
Health promotion and specific protection
What is shared by PH and primary medical care?
Early case finding and tx
Who are the targets of health promotion and specific protection programs?
Communities or high risk grps
Who are the targets of early case finding and tx?
Individuals or specific grps
What are the broad outcomes?
Prevent epidemics and spread of dz
Protect against environmental hazards
Prevent injuries
Promote and encourage healthy behaviors
Respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery
Assure the quality, accessibility, and accountability of health svcs
Where are these broad outcomes identified?
Public Health in America 1994
What’s the pop’s dz status for primary prevention?
Susceptible
What are the effects of primary prevention?
Reduced dz incidence
What is the pop’s dz status during secondary prevention?
Asymptomatic
What are the effects of secondary prevention?
Reduced prevalence/consequences
What is the pop’s dz status for tertiary prevention?
Symptomatic
What are the effects of tertiary prevention?
Reduced complications/disability
What are the types of intervention strategies?
Community intervention
Education and behavior change
Environmental interventions
Healthcare system interventions
Legislation, regulation, and enforcement
Who identified effective intervention strategies and in what document?
US task force on community preventive services
Guide to Community Preventive Services
What are some community-wide campaigns, programs, and services?
Community-wide education
Community water fluoridation
School-based programs
Mass media campaigns
Support hotlines
What can be combined with other interventions in the community?
Community mobilization
What are some examples of community mobilization?
Register to vote
Petition drive
Write to policymakers and newspaper editors
What are some components of education and behavior change interventions?
Health communication
Health education
School based education
Social support interventions in community settings
Distribution of necessary equipment/gears
What is the purpose of environmental intervention?
To modify environment or devices or encourage ppl to behave certain ways that are conductive to health
What are some examples of environmental intervention?
Seat belts, airbags in cars
Speed bumps, bike lanes
Location and conditions of stairs
Fire/safety doors in apt buildings
Parks, open spaces
What are some types of healthcare system intervention?
Chronic dz management
Provider education and reminders
Reduce out of pocket costs for prevention services
Client and provider reminder systems for vaxxes
What can get created, changed, or enforced?
Executive orders
Laws
Ordinances
Policies
Regs
Formal and informal rules
What are examples of legislation, regulation, and enforcement?
Sobriety checkpoints
Reduce legal blood alcohol levels
Legal drinking age
Seat belt laws
Smoking bans
Excise taxes on unhealthful products
What do clinical preventive svcs include?
Screening tests
Counseling interventions
Immunizations
Prophylactic regimens
How are recommendations graded by USPSTF?
Based on the strength of evidence and net benefit
Grade A: strongly recommended based on good evidence
Grade B: recommended based on fair evidence
What are the grades of the USPSTF?
A, B, C, D, and I
