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Bacteriology > Streptococcus > Flashcards

Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Gram stain

A

Positive

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2
Q

Morphology

A

Cocci in short or long chains

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3
Q

Normal flora

A

Found in upper respiratory tract and lower genitourinary tract

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4
Q

Differences in strept and staph

A

-Strept doesn’t persist in environment like staph
-Strept is catalase negative unlike staph
- Strept is more fastidious

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5
Q

How do we classify strept species

A

-Hemolysis
-serology
-Habitat and bio activity
-Organ or tissue tropisms

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6
Q

Group A (GAS)

A

Human pathogen only

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7
Q

Groups B,C< and D

A

Human and animal pathogens

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8
Q

Habitat groups of strept

A

-Pyogenic
-Oral or viridian group
-Lactic group
-Enteric group

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9
Q

Pyogenic

A

beta hemolytic and cause pyogenic infections

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10
Q

Oral or viridian group

A

Commensals on mucous membrane, alpha hemolytic, produce lactic acid from sugar fermentation causing dental caries

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11
Q

Lactic group

A

In milk and milk products. Moved to lactococcus

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12
Q

Enteric group

A

In intestinal contents

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13
Q

Species based on adaptation to specific organ

A

-Mastitis
-Lymphatics and lymph nodes
-Lower respiratory tract
-Blood

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14
Q

Mastitis in cattle

A

S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis

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15
Q

Strangles in horses

A

S. equi equi

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16
Q

Septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis in swine

A

S. suis

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17
Q

Virulence factos

A

-Adhesins: bind to ECM and protect from opsonizaiton
-M protein binds to fibrinogen and prevents phagocytosis
-FbsA Ig binding protein
-FOG
-Capsule (polysaccharide and antiphagocytotic)

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18
Q

hemolysins

A

-Streptolysin O (oxygen labile)
-Streptolysin S (oxygen stable)

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19
Q

Virulent Enzymes

A

Streptokinase to dissolve blood clot
-Hyalurondase
-DNase

20
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Primarily pyogenic infection of the skin, resp tract, repro tract and mammary gland
-Can cause mastitis

21
Q

S. agalactia

A

-Nine serotypes
-Obligate parasite of the epithelium and tissues of the mammary gland
-Chronic contagious mastitis
-CAMP factor

22
Q

CAMP factor

A

Protein that has cytotoxic activity against mammary tissues, potentiates the action of staph beta toxin

23
Q

Pathogenesis of S. agalactiae

A

Death of macrophages and release of lysosomal enzymes causing tissue damage and inflammation. Fibrin plug formation causes loss of milk production

24
Q

Treatment of S. agalactia

A

Beta lactams in mammary gland. Mass treat whole herd

25
Q

S. dysgalactiae

A

-dysgalactiae: masitis, alpha hemolytic
-equisimilis: many disease in other animals, beta hemolytic

26
Q

S. dysgalactiae dyscalactiae

A

-Need injury to teat or udder
-Opportunistic

27
Q

S. uberis

A

Commensal of cattle
-Mastitis
-Opportunistic of older cows with a lot of contamination
-Induce neutrophils
-edema and vacuolation of secretory cells
-Necrosis of alveoli

28
Q

S. equi equi

A

-equi: Strangles in horses
-beta hemolytic
-highly contagious
-Purulent pharyngitis and lymphadenitis of upper resp tract
-primarily young horses
-Get from feed water or fomites or from pus from another horse

29
Q

Clinical signs of strangles

A

-Fever
-Lassitude
-Nasal discharge
-Cough
-difficulty breathing
-swelling of mandibular lymph nodes

30
Q

Bastard strangles

A

Metastasized form of strangles

31
Q

Diagnosis of strangles

A

Culture swab and PCR assay for seM (antiphagocytic surface protein)

32
Q

Treatment of strangles

A

-Usually just let resolve and give soft moist feed
-Can give penicillin early in infection to prevent abscess
-Once external lymph node affected antibiotics not given because only prolongs it

33
Q

Vaccine for strangles

A

-Live non encapsulated attenuated strain intranasal
-Purified surface proteins give IM

34
Q

S. equi zooepidemicus

A

-Commensal opportunist in upper resp tract of horses and pigs
-Cause resp diesease and endometritis in horses
-Mastitis in cattle and goats
-Emerging problem in pigs, see splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy
-Can infect humans

35
Q

S. canis

A

Present on anal mucosa
-Infections of genitals, prostate, mouth , tonsils, nose, ears uterus, mammary gland lymph nodes etc

36
Q

S. porcinus

A

Jowl abscesses or porcine strangles. No longer reported

37
Q

S. suis

A

-Swine pathogen
-Zoonotic
-Naturally on tonsils and predisposing factors like stress cause transmission through respiratory and oral routes
-Pigs usually young (5-10wks) when infected

38
Q

Virulence factors of S. suis

A

-Capsular polysaccharide: prevents phagocytosis
-Capsular type 2 most commone
-Suilysin (hemolysin)

39
Q

Outcomes of S. suis infection

A

-Bactermia or septicemia
-Seeding into joints, meninges and lungs by macrophages
-meningoencephalitis with sustained bacteremia
-Pneumonia
-Endocarditic lesions

40
Q

Clinical signs of S. suis

A

-Rise in rectal temperature
-Loss of appetite
-Depression
-Shifting lameness
-Some get neuro signs because of meningitis

41
Q

Diagnosis of S. suis

A

-Clinical signs
-Age
-Gross lesions
-Confirm on isolation
-Serotyping is important

42
Q

Treatment of S. suis

A

-Ampicillin
-Ceftiofur
-Tiamulin
-Trimet/ sulfonamide
Treat early

43
Q

Vaccines for S. suis

A

-Comercial or autogenous bacterins at 3-4 wks

44
Q

S. suis zoonosis

A

Occupational disease of those who work with pigs (serotype 2)
-From breaks in skin
-Meningitis that sometimes results in deafness
-Endocarditis, cellulitis, etc
-Pneumonia

45
Q

Enterococcus

A

Used to be Group D strept
-Found in intestinal tract
-Opportunistic pathogens
-Second most common nosocomial infection

46
Q

Enterococcus diseases

A

-Wound infections
-Mastitis in cows
-UTI and ear infections in dogs

47
Q

Treatment of enterococcus

A

-Resistant to many antimicrobials
Some vancomycin resistant (public health concern)

Bacteriology (29 decks)

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