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Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Gram stain

A

Positive

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2
Q

Morphology

A

Cocci in short or long chains

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3
Q

Normal flora

A

Found in upper respiratory tract and lower genitourinary tract

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4
Q

Differences in strept and staph

A

-Strept doesn’t persist in environment like staph
-Strept is catalase negative unlike staph
- Strept is more fastidious

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5
Q

How do we classify strept species

A

-Hemolysis
-serology
-Habitat and bio activity
-Organ or tissue tropisms

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6
Q

Group A (GAS)

A

Human pathogen only

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7
Q

Groups B,C< and D

A

Human and animal pathogens

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8
Q

Habitat groups of strept

A

-Pyogenic
-Oral or viridian group
-Lactic group
-Enteric group

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9
Q

Pyogenic

A

beta hemolytic and cause pyogenic infections

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10
Q

Oral or viridian group

A

Commensals on mucous membrane, alpha hemolytic, produce lactic acid from sugar fermentation causing dental caries

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11
Q

Lactic group

A

In milk and milk products. Moved to lactococcus

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12
Q

Enteric group

A

In intestinal contents

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13
Q

Species based on adaptation to specific organ

A

-Mastitis
-Lymphatics and lymph nodes
-Lower respiratory tract
-Blood

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14
Q

Mastitis in cattle

A

S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis

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15
Q

Strangles in horses

A

S. equi equi

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16
Q

Septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis in swine

A

S. suis

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17
Q

Virulence factos

A

-Adhesins: bind to ECM and protect from opsonizaiton
-M protein binds to fibrinogen and prevents phagocytosis
-FbsA Ig binding protein
-FOG
-Capsule (polysaccharide and antiphagocytotic)

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18
Q

hemolysins

A

-Streptolysin O (oxygen labile)
-Streptolysin S (oxygen stable)

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19
Q

Virulent Enzymes

A

Streptokinase to dissolve blood clot
-Hyalurondase
-DNase

20
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Primarily pyogenic infection of the skin, resp tract, repro tract and mammary gland
-Can cause mastitis

21
Q

S. agalactia

A

-Nine serotypes
-Obligate parasite of the epithelium and tissues of the mammary gland
-Chronic contagious mastitis
-CAMP factor

22
Q

CAMP factor

A

Protein that has cytotoxic activity against mammary tissues, potentiates the action of staph beta toxin

23
Q

Pathogenesis of S. agalactiae

A

Death of macrophages and release of lysosomal enzymes causing tissue damage and inflammation. Fibrin plug formation causes loss of milk production

24
Q

Treatment of S. agalactia

A

Beta lactams in mammary gland. Mass treat whole herd

25
S. dysgalactiae
-dysgalactiae: masitis, alpha hemolytic -equisimilis: many disease in other animals, beta hemolytic
26
S. dysgalactiae dyscalactiae
-Need injury to teat or udder -Opportunistic
27
S. uberis
Commensal of cattle -Mastitis -Opportunistic of older cows with a lot of contamination -Induce neutrophils -edema and vacuolation of secretory cells -Necrosis of alveoli
28
S. equi equi
-equi: Strangles in horses -beta hemolytic -highly contagious -Purulent pharyngitis and lymphadenitis of upper resp tract -primarily young horses -Get from feed water or fomites or from pus from another horse
29
Clinical signs of strangles
-Fever -Lassitude -Nasal discharge -Cough -difficulty breathing -swelling of mandibular lymph nodes
30
Bastard strangles
Metastasized form of strangles
31
Diagnosis of strangles
Culture swab and PCR assay for seM (antiphagocytic surface protein)
32
Treatment of strangles
-Usually just let resolve and give soft moist feed -Can give penicillin early in infection to prevent abscess -Once external lymph node affected antibiotics not given because only prolongs it
33
Vaccine for strangles
-Live non encapsulated attenuated strain intranasal -Purified surface proteins give IM
34
S. equi zooepidemicus
-Commensal opportunist in upper resp tract of horses and pigs -Cause resp diesease and endometritis in horses -Mastitis in cattle and goats -Emerging problem in pigs, see splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy -Can infect humans
35
S. canis
Present on anal mucosa -Infections of genitals, prostate, mouth , tonsils, nose, ears uterus, mammary gland lymph nodes etc
36
S. porcinus
Jowl abscesses or porcine strangles. No longer reported
37
S. suis
-Swine pathogen -Zoonotic -Naturally on tonsils and predisposing factors like stress cause transmission through respiratory and oral routes -Pigs usually young (5-10wks) when infected
38
Virulence factors of S. suis
-Capsular polysaccharide: prevents phagocytosis -Capsular type 2 most commone -Suilysin (hemolysin)
39
Outcomes of S. suis infection
-Bactermia or septicemia -Seeding into joints, meninges and lungs by macrophages -meningoencephalitis with sustained bacteremia -Pneumonia -Endocarditic lesions
40
Clinical signs of S. suis
-Rise in rectal temperature -Loss of appetite -Depression -Shifting lameness -Some get neuro signs because of meningitis
41
Diagnosis of S. suis
-Clinical signs -Age -Gross lesions -Confirm on isolation -Serotyping is important
42
Treatment of S. suis
-Ampicillin -Ceftiofur -Tiamulin -Trimet/ sulfonamide Treat early
43
Vaccines for S. suis
-Comercial or autogenous bacterins at 3-4 wks
44
S. suis zoonosis
Occupational disease of those who work with pigs (serotype 2) -From breaks in skin -Meningitis that sometimes results in deafness -Endocarditis, cellulitis, etc -Pneumonia
45
Enterococcus
Used to be Group D strept -Found in intestinal tract -Opportunistic pathogens -Second most common nosocomial infection
46
Enterococcus diseases
-Wound infections -Mastitis in cows -UTI and ear infections in dogs
47
Treatment of enterococcus
-Resistant to many antimicrobials Some vancomycin resistant (public health concern)

Bacteriology (29 decks)

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