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Bacteriology > Gram negative anaerobes > Flashcards

Gram negative anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

Important genera

A

-Bacteroides
-Dichelobacter
-Fusobacterium
-Porphyromonas
-Prevotella
-Brachyspira

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2
Q

Foot rot in sheep

A

Dichelobacter nodosus

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3
Q

Calf diphtheria, Foot rot, liver abscesses in cattle

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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4
Q

Swine dysentery

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

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5
Q

UTIS in sows

A

Acinobaculum suis

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6
Q

Entercolitis in horses

A

Clostridium

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7
Q

Gram negative anaerobe infection

A

-Part of normal flora
-Generally abscess and necrotic
-Involve mucous membranes
-Often polymicrobial infections

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8
Q

Characteristics of infections

A
  1. Located close to mucosal surface
  2. Putrid odor
  3. Gas often
  4. Negative aerobic culture
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9
Q

Virulence factors

A

-LPS
-Hemolysin
-Platelet aggregation factor
-Synergy with facultative bacteria
-Superoxide dismumutase
-Catalase
-Exotoxins
-Enzymes
-Fermentation products (acids, ammonia)

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10
Q

Exotoxins

A

Enterotoxin, hemolysin, leukotoxin

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11
Q

Synergism between anaerobes and non anaerobes

A
  1. Supply essential growth factors
  2. Protect agains phagocytosis
  3. Creation of anaerobic conditions
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11
Q

Synergism between anaerobes and non anaerobes

A
  1. Supply essential growth factors
  2. Protect agains phagocytosis
  3. Creation of anaerobic conditions
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12
Q

Dichelobacter nodosus morphology

A

Dumb bell shaped and heavily fimbriated

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13
Q

Dichelobacter nodosus habitat

A

Obligate pathogen of the epidermal tissues of the hoof of sheep, goats, cattle

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14
Q

Virulence factors of D. nodosus

A

-Fimbriae for adhesion
-Protease for tissue destruction
-Endotoxin for inflammation

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15
Q

Pathogenesis of D. nodosus

A

Enter through breaks in the skin and colonize with pili. Invade using proteases and have synergy with other bacteria

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16
Q

Forms of foot rot

A

-Virulent
-Intermediate
-Benign

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17
Q

Symptoms of foot rot

A

Lameness and loss of body weight

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18
Q

Treatment of foot rot

A

-Trim affected hoof and remove necrotic tissues
-Topical antiseptics and antibiotics
-Foot baths

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19
Q

Antibiotics for foot rot

A

-Penicillin and aminoglycosides
-Tetracyclines
-Fluoroquinolones
-Macrolides

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20
Q

Vaccines for foot rot

A

-Prominant in Australia and New Zealand
-Bacterins or fimbraiae based

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21
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum

A

Pleomorphic rods that cause necrotic lesion

22
Q

Habitat of F. necrophorum

A

GI, respiratory, urinary and genital tracts
-Soil

23
Q

Subspecies of F. necrophorum

A

-Necrophorum: phosphatase, agglutination, and leukotoxin positive
-Funduliforme: sedimentation in browth, waxy and sticky colonies

24
Q

Virulence factors of necrophorum

A

-Leukotoxin
-LPS
-Hemolysin
-Hemagglutinin
-Adhesins
-Dermonecrotic toxin
-Platelet aggregation factor
-Proteases

25
Q

Necrobacillosis in horses

A
  1. Thrush
  2. Necrotic dermatitis
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Septicemia
26
Q

Necrobacillosis in sheep

A
  1. Lip and leg ulceration
  2. Infectious bulbar necrosis
  3. Foot rot
27
Q

Necrobacillosis in swine

A
  1. Ulcerative stomatitis
  2. Necrotic enteritis
  3. Necrotic enteritis
  4. Secondary invader in swine dysentery
28
Q

Necrobacillosis in chickens

A

Respiratory infection secondary invader to fowl pox

29
Q

Necrobacillosis in humans

A

-Sore throat
-Lemierrie’s syndrome

30
Q

Necrobacillosis in cattle

A
  1. Diptheria
  2. foot rot
  3. Liver abscess
  4. Metritis in dairy cows
31
Q

Calf diptheria

A

Happens in young calves especially if they have a breach in the mucus membrane. Can be acute or chronic

32
Q

Clinical signs of calf diptheria

A

-Fever
-Dyspnea
-Cough
-Loss of body weigh
-Necrosis of mucus membranes, larynx or adjacent tissues

33
Q

Treatment of calf diptheria

A

-Penicillin
-Tetracyclines
-Tylosin

34
Q

Clinical signs of foot rot from fusobacterium

A

-Cellulitis
-Swelling between digits
-Exudate and pus

35
Q

Treatment of necrobacillosis foot rot

A

Tetracyclines

36
Q

What bacteria causes the highest prevalence of liver abscesses in cattle

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

37
Q

Diagnosis of liver abscesses

A

No clinical signs diagnosed after slaughter

38
Q

Control of liver abscesses

A

-Proper feed management
-Antimicrobial feed additives
-Bacterin vaccine

39
Q

FDA guidance for antimicrobial use

A

Limit the use to assure animal health under veterinary oversight
-Tylosin requires VFD

40
Q

Metritis from necrobacillosis

A

-See fetid uterine discharge
-Fever
-Drop in milk production

41
Q

What type of animals do we see necrobacillosis liver abscesses in

A

High grain fed cattle

42
Q

Fusobacterium equinum

A

Opportunistic infection in horses causing abscesses and necrotic infections in the oral and lower respiratory tract

43
Q

Virulence factor of fusobacterium equinum

A

Leukotoxin

44
Q

Fusobacterium gastrosuis

A

Normal inhabitants of the oral cavity, and upper stomach in pigs. Leads to gastric ulcerations with Helicobacter suis.

45
Q

Pathogenesis of liver abscesses

A

Cows fed high-grain diets leads to high acid production and acidosis leading it susceptible to rumen invasion. Bacteria live in ruminal abscesses they then get into the portal blood and into the liver to cause liver abscesses

46
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A

Gram negative anaerobic rods that are normal flora of the colon of animals. Leads to abscesses and soft tissue infections.

47
Q

Virulence factors of Bacteroides fragilis

A

Capsular polysaccharide

48
Q

B. fragilis enterotoxin

A

Fragilysin- stimulates fluid secretion and causes enteritis

49
Q

Black pigmented anaerobe

A

Porphyromonas

50
Q

Sugar fermenting anaerobe

A

Prevotella

51
Q

Porphyromonas gingivalis infection

A

Periodontal infections

52
Q

Porphyromonas levii

A

abscesses and foot rot with other bacteria

Bacteriology (29 decks)

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