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Bacteriology > Staphylococcus > Flashcards

Staphylococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Antimicrobial susceptibility

A

Test to see if susceptible to antibiotis

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2
Q

Who standardizes antimicrobial susceptibility

A

CSLI and VAST

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3
Q

Approved methods for antimicrobial sensitivity

A

-Disk diffusion
-Broth dilution

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4
Q

Disk diffusion

A

Put culture on agar and incubate and look at zones of inhibition (qualitative)

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5
Q

Broth dilution

A

can be macrobroth or microbroth. Can measure MBC and MIC with this method (quantitave)

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6
Q

Breakpoints

A

MIC selected to predict clinical outcome intermediate stage

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7
Q

Breakpoints based on

A

-Pop distribution of clinical isolates
-Achievable serum concentration
-Clinical efficacy studies

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8
Q

Gram stain

A

Gram +

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9
Q

Morphology

A

Cocci in clusters (looks like bunch of groups)

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10
Q

Oxygen requirements

A

Facultative

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11
Q

Special characteristic

A

Can grow in high salt concentrations

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12
Q

Pyogenic cocci

A

Staph and strept

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13
Q

Catalase test

A

Can used to differentiate Staph (positive) and strep (negative)

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14
Q

Most common species

A

aureus. Infects everyone

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15
Q

Cattle

A

Mastitis

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16
Q

Chickens

A

Dermatitis, arthritis, bumble foot

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17
Q

Pigs

A

Skin infections and septicemia

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18
Q

Dogs and cats

A

Pyoderma, otitis externa, endometriosis

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19
Q

Horses

A

Dermatitis, cellulitis

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20
Q

Important species

A

-pseudintermedius
-hyicus
-intermedius
-epidermis

21
Q

Which staph species is non hemolytic and coagulase negative

A

hyicus

22
Q

Double zone hemolysis

A

-inside zone (complete hemolysis from alpha)
-Outer layer (partial hemolysis from beta)

23
Q

Medium to determine S. aureus

A

Mannitol salt agar( others can’t ferment mannitol) turns it yellow

24
Q

Habitat

A

Skin and mucous membranes expecially nostrils. In every animal

25
Q

Virulence factors

A

-Cell associated components
-Exoenzymes
-Exotoxins

26
Q

Cell associated components

A

-Surface proteins: protein A and adhesins
-To protect from immune response

27
Q

Exoenzymes

A

-Coagulase
-Lipase
-Hyaluronidase
-Proteases

28
Q

Exotoxins

A

-Toxic shock syndrome
-Enterotoxins
-Exfoliative toxins
-Hemolysins (4)

29
Q

Enterotoxins

A

-Food borne infections
-Superantigens
-Heat stable and cannot inactivate by cooking
-Stimulates vagus nerve to induce vomiting and abdominal pain

30
Q

Staph food poisoning

A

-Salty foods like ham
-Milk and cheese
-From food workers who carry it
-Very fast onset, lasts 1-3 days

31
Q

Alpha hemolysis

A

Incomplete no clear zone looks green.

32
Q

Beta hemolysis

A

Complete hemolysis clear zone

33
Q

Alpha hemolySIN

A

Produces complete hemolysis (beta) form pore

34
Q

Beta hemolySIN

A

incomplete hemolysis (alpha) damages membranes with sphingomyelin. Increases activity in cold temp

35
Q

Gamma hemolysin

A

Leukotoxin, pore forming not in all strains

36
Q

Pathogenesis

A

-Pus forming lesions usually skin
-Predisposing factors is injury to the skin or immune suppression

37
Q

Diseases in animals

A

-Mastitis in dairy cows
-Dermatitis and joint infections in chickens
-Pyoderma in dogs
-Exudative dermatitis in pigs (greasy pig syndrome)

38
Q

Mastitis

A

-Enters via teat and travels up teat canal to mammary tissue and bind to cells
-Can be mild to gangrenous
-Neutrophils cause clots and edema as well as clots
-Contagious

39
Q

Diagnosing bovine mastitis

A

Isolation of coagulase-positive or negative staph from bulk tank milk samples.
Important to diagnose subclinical on somatic cell count or total bacterial count

40
Q

Treatment of mastitis

A

-Intramammary administrations of antibiotics
-Beta lactamase resistant antibiotics

41
Q

Prevention of mastitis

A

Dry cow therapy. Give antibiotics during dry period. No vaccines

42
Q

Disease in chickens

A

-Dermatitis
-Osteomyelitis
-Arthritis
-Synovitis
-Bactermia or septicemia

43
Q

Bumble foot

A

swollen feet in chicken from S. aureus

44
Q

Exudative dermatitis in pigs

A

Greasy pig syndrome. Caused by S. hyicus. Come from breach in epidermis (opportunistic pathogen). Starts in face and moves back. Excess secretion from sebaceous glands. Get death form dehydration

45
Q

Diagnosing exudative dermatis

A

-Skin lesions
-Bacterial isolates

46
Q

Treatment of greasy pigs

A

-Antibiotics in early stages
-Ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, lincomycin, sulfa/triprim
-Later infections do not respond
-Spray with disinfectants to kill them on skin

47
Q

Pyoderma in dogs

A

S. pseudintermedius
-Dermatitis and folliculitis rarely systemic
-Lesions start papular and progress to postules and intradermal abscesses (furuncles)

48
Q

treatment of pyoderma

A

Beta lactams

49
Q

MRSA

A

Resistant to B-lactams. Not more virulent just harder to treat. Comes from mecA

Bacteriology (29 decks)

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