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Bacteriology > Escherichia > Flashcards

Escherichia Flashcards

1
Q

Gram stain

A

Negative

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2
Q

Oxygen requirements

A

Facultatively anaerobic

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3
Q

Shape

A

Rod shaped

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4
Q

What family is Escherichia in

A

Enterobactieriacae

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5
Q

Which enterbacteriace are lactose fermenter

A

-Escherichia
-Klebsiella

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6
Q

Which enterobacteriacae are not lactose fermenters

A

-Salmonella
-Proteus
-Morganella
-Serratia
-Yersinia

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7
Q

Coliform bacteria

A

-E. coli
-K pneumoniae
-K. aerogenes

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8
Q

Habitat

A

-Normal flora of lower intestinal tract
-Soil and water

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9
Q

Antigenic characteristics

A

-Capsule (K) polysaccharide
-Pilus (F)
-Cell wall (O)
-Flagella (H)
-LPS

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10
Q

Diseases caused by E. coli

A

-Neonatal diarrhea in cows, sheep, goats, and pigs
-Mastitis in cows
-UTI in dogs and cats
-Metritis and mastitis in mares
-edema disease in pigs
-air sacculitis, cellulitis, and coli septicemia in poultry

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11
Q

Broad classifications

A

-Intestinal pathogenic (IPEC)
-Extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC)

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12
Q

Six categories of IPEC

A

-Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
-Shiga toxin producing (STEC)
-Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
-Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
-Enteroaggregative (EAggEC)
-Cytotoxin Necrotizing Factor Producing E. Coli (CNF-PEC)

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13
Q

MacConkey agar

A

Determine lactose fermentation. Turns pink if positive

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14
Q

Enteropathogenic E. coli

A

-Attachment pili mediated
-Loss of microvilli
-Invasion and structural changes
-Produce hemolysin
-Cause diarrhea in humans and animals (pigs)

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15
Q

Hemolysins

A

Obtain iron from lysed RBC
-Alpha (ETEC and ExPEC)
-Enterohemolysin (STEC)
-Cytolysin A many strains

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16
Q

Shiga toxin

A

two types Stx1 and STx2
-Stx2 involved in edema disease in swine

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17
Q

STEC infections

A

-Hemorrhagic enteritis and hemolytic and uremic sydrome in humans
-Edema disease in pigs
-Swollen head syndrome in chickens

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18
Q

Most common STEC serotype

A

O157:H7

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19
Q

Enteroinvasive (EIEC)

A

-Multiply in the cell
-Invasion and cellular destruction
-Causes bacterimia or septicemia
-Mostly seen in poultry

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20
Q

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)

A

-Cholera like
-Attach with pili but do not invade
-Produce enterotoxins
-LT toxin (cholera toxin like)
-ST toxin

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21
Q

LT toxin

A

A-B toxin

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22
Q

ST toxin

A

Small proteins

23
Q

Mode of action of enterotoxins

A

Reduced absorption of electrolytes and water and hypersecretion of electrolytes and water leading to diarrhea

24
Q

Enteroaggregative (EAggEC)

A

-Forms aggregates
-Doesn’t invade
-EAST and hemolysin like toxins

25
Q

Cytotoxin Necrotizing Factor Producing E. coli (CNF-PEC)

A

-Attach but do not invade
-CNF toxin causes necrosis
-Causes diarrhea in calves, pigs, and humans
-Mastitis in cows
-UTI in dogs

26
Q

Extraintestinal pathogenic E coli (ExPEC)

A

-Septicemia
-Mastitis in dairy cows
-Metritis
-UTI
-Air sacculitis and cellulitis in chickens and turkeys

27
Q

Inportant virotypes in animals

A

-ETEC: intestinal infections
-EPEC: intestinal and extraintestinal infections
-STEC: edema disease in pigs

28
Q

Diseases

A

Colibacillosis either intestinal or extraintestinal

29
Q

Modes of infection

A

-Ingestion
-Inhalation
-Direct infection

30
Q

Colibacillosis in swine forms

A
  1. Neonatal enteritis(ETEC)
  2. Post weaning diarrhea (EPEC, ETEC, and STEC)
  3. Edema disease (STEC)
31
Q

Edema disease

A

Caused by STEC and Stx2.
-Edema of submucosa of stomach and colon and subcutaneous tissues
-Happens in young recently weaned animals
-Can be due to change in feed or rapid growth or because of diarrhea

32
Q

Clinical signs of edema disease

A

-Eyelids, facial area, stomach, colon, mesenteric lymph nodes, colon, gall bladder larynx etc edema
-Peculiar squeal
-Neuro signs: convulsions, ataxia
-Recumbency with paddling of legs

33
Q

Edema disease mortality

A

65$ experience death in 1-3 days

34
Q

Prevention of edema disease

A

-Separate sick pigs
-Recombinant toxoid vaccine
-Antibiotics in feeds (CTC, enroflaxacin)

35
Q

Colibacillosis in cattle

A

-Septicemic form
-Mastitis

36
Q

Colibacillosis septicemia in cows

A

In calves deprived of colostrum due to endotoxin shock and death

37
Q

Coliform mastitis

A

See in high producing dairy cows, usually mild
-See swelling of udder, discolored mil, blood clots, loss of milk
-Adheres to mammary cell
-Absorption leads to fever deppression and sometimes death

38
Q

Treatment of mastitis and prevention

A

-amoxicillin, cephalosporins
-Vaccine based on endotoxin

39
Q

Colibacillosis in dogs and cats

A

Usually not diarrhea
-See in genital and urinary tract
-Cystitis and pyometra in females prostatis in males

40
Q

Virulence factors of UTIS in dogs

A

-Pili
-Hemolysin
-Cytotoxin necrotizing factor
-Protease enzyme

41
Q

Avian Colibacillosis

A

-Diarrea rare
-Can be localized or systemic
-Avian strains don’t cause disease in other animals
-Respiratory infections
-Cellulitis
=Hjarres disease

42
Q

Air sacculitis

A

-Inhale fecal dust (ammonia predisposes them)
-Often secondary to viral and mycoplasma
-Causes pneumonia and pleuropneumonia
-Significant economic losses

43
Q

Cellulitis in poultry

A

See in broilers
-Infection of subcutis
-Swollen head syndrome caused by STEC

44
Q

Zoonotic E. coli pathogens

A

STEC O157:H7 food bourne pathogen

45
Q

White scour disease

A

During first week of life in calves. Severe diarrhea with feces full of gas bubbles. Die from dehydration in 3-5 days

46
Q

Virulence factor of white scours

A

Entertoxin (STa)

47
Q

Diagnosis of E. coli

A

-Age
-Clinical signs
-isolate from fecal sample
Determine surface antigens and serology, can use PCR
-Histopath

48
Q

Treatment of E. coli

A

-Aminoglycosides (neomycin)
-Tetracyclines
-IV fluid therapy

49
Q

Control measures for E. coli

A

Sanitation and management. Make sure newborns get colostrum
-Vaccinations

50
Q

O157:H7 in humans

A

Causes hemorrhagic colitis and in children HUS, can get hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia

51
Q

Pathology of O157:H7

A

Colonizes intestinal cells
-Produces Stx to damage endothelial cells

52
Q

Reservoir for O157:H7

A

Cattle. Present in GI and shed in feces

53
Q

Source of infection of O157:H7

A

-Undercooked beef and unpasteurized milk
-Unpasteurized fruit juices
-Drinking water
-Contaminated leafy veggies

Bacteriology (29 decks)

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