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Escherichia Flashcards

1
Q

Gram stain

A

Negative

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2
Q

Oxygen requirements

A

Facultatively anaerobic

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3
Q

Shape

A

Rod shaped

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4
Q

What family is Escherichia in

A

Enterobactieriacae

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5
Q

Which enterbacteriace are lactose fermenter

A

-Escherichia
-Klebsiella

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6
Q

Which enterobacteriacae are not lactose fermenters

A

-Salmonella
-Proteus
-Morganella
-Serratia
-Yersinia

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7
Q

Coliform bacteria

A

-E. coli
-K pneumoniae
-K. aerogenes

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8
Q

Habitat

A

-Normal flora of lower intestinal tract
-Soil and water

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9
Q

Antigenic characteristics

A

-Capsule (K) polysaccharide
-Pilus (F)
-Cell wall (O)
-Flagella (H)
-LPS

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10
Q

Diseases caused by E. coli

A

-Neonatal diarrhea in cows, sheep, goats, and pigs
-Mastitis in cows
-UTI in dogs and cats
-Metritis and mastitis in mares
-edema disease in pigs
-air sacculitis, cellulitis, and coli septicemia in poultry

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11
Q

Broad classifications

A

-Intestinal pathogenic (IPEC)
-Extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC)

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12
Q

Six categories of IPEC

A

-Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
-Shiga toxin producing (STEC)
-Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
-Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
-Enteroaggregative (EAggEC)
-Cytotoxin Necrotizing Factor Producing E. Coli (CNF-PEC)

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13
Q

MacConkey agar

A

Determine lactose fermentation. Turns pink if positive

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14
Q

Enteropathogenic E. coli

A

-Attachment pili mediated
-Loss of microvilli
-Invasion and structural changes
-Produce hemolysin
-Cause diarrhea in humans and animals (pigs)

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15
Q

Hemolysins

A

Obtain iron from lysed RBC
-Alpha (ETEC and ExPEC)
-Enterohemolysin (STEC)
-Cytolysin A many strains

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16
Q

Shiga toxin

A

two types Stx1 and STx2
-Stx2 involved in edema disease in swine

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17
Q

STEC infections

A

-Hemorrhagic enteritis and hemolytic and uremic sydrome in humans
-Edema disease in pigs
-Swollen head syndrome in chickens

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18
Q

Most common STEC serotype

A

O157:H7

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19
Q

Enteroinvasive (EIEC)

A

-Multiply in the cell
-Invasion and cellular destruction
-Causes bacterimia or septicemia
-Mostly seen in poultry

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20
Q

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)

A

-Cholera like
-Attach with pili but do not invade
-Produce enterotoxins
-LT toxin (cholera toxin like)
-ST toxin

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21
Q

LT toxin

A

A-B toxin

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22
Q

ST toxin

A

Small proteins

23
Q

Mode of action of enterotoxins

A

Reduced absorption of electrolytes and water and hypersecretion of electrolytes and water leading to diarrhea

24
Q

Enteroaggregative (EAggEC)

A

-Forms aggregates
-Doesn’t invade
-EAST and hemolysin like toxins

25
Cytotoxin Necrotizing Factor Producing E. coli (CNF-PEC)
-Attach but do not invade -CNF toxin causes necrosis -Causes diarrhea in calves, pigs, and humans -Mastitis in cows -UTI in dogs
26
Extraintestinal pathogenic E coli (ExPEC)
-Septicemia -Mastitis in dairy cows -Metritis -UTI -Air sacculitis and cellulitis in chickens and turkeys
27
Inportant virotypes in animals
-ETEC: intestinal infections -EPEC: intestinal and extraintestinal infections -STEC: edema disease in pigs
28
Diseases
Colibacillosis either intestinal or extraintestinal
29
Modes of infection
-Ingestion -Inhalation -Direct infection
30
Colibacillosis in swine forms
1. Neonatal enteritis(ETEC) 2. Post weaning diarrhea (EPEC, ETEC, and STEC) 3. Edema disease (STEC)
31
Edema disease
Caused by STEC and Stx2. -Edema of submucosa of stomach and colon and subcutaneous tissues -Happens in young recently weaned animals -Can be due to change in feed or rapid growth or because of diarrhea
32
Clinical signs of edema disease
-Eyelids, facial area, stomach, colon, mesenteric lymph nodes, colon, gall bladder larynx etc edema -Peculiar squeal -Neuro signs: convulsions, ataxia -Recumbency with paddling of legs
33
Edema disease mortality
65$ experience death in 1-3 days
34
Prevention of edema disease
-Separate sick pigs -Recombinant toxoid vaccine -Antibiotics in feeds (CTC, enroflaxacin)
35
Colibacillosis in cattle
-Septicemic form -Mastitis
36
Colibacillosis septicemia in cows
In calves deprived of colostrum due to endotoxin shock and death
37
Coliform mastitis
See in high producing dairy cows, usually mild -See swelling of udder, discolored mil, blood clots, loss of milk -Adheres to mammary cell -Absorption leads to fever deppression and sometimes death
38
Treatment of mastitis and prevention
-amoxicillin, cephalosporins -Vaccine based on endotoxin
39
Colibacillosis in dogs and cats
Usually not diarrhea -See in genital and urinary tract -Cystitis and pyometra in females prostatis in males
40
Virulence factors of UTIS in dogs
-Pili -Hemolysin -Cytotoxin necrotizing factor -Protease enzyme
41
Avian Colibacillosis
-Diarrea rare -Can be localized or systemic -Avian strains don't cause disease in other animals -Respiratory infections -Cellulitis =Hjarres disease
42
Air sacculitis
-Inhale fecal dust (ammonia predisposes them) -Often secondary to viral and mycoplasma -Causes pneumonia and pleuropneumonia -Significant economic losses
43
Cellulitis in poultry
See in broilers -Infection of subcutis -Swollen head syndrome caused by STEC
44
Zoonotic E. coli pathogens
STEC O157:H7 food bourne pathogen
45
White scour disease
During first week of life in calves. Severe diarrhea with feces full of gas bubbles. Die from dehydration in 3-5 days
46
Virulence factor of white scours
Entertoxin (STa)
47
Diagnosis of E. coli
-Age -Clinical signs -isolate from fecal sample Determine surface antigens and serology, can use PCR -Histopath
48
Treatment of E. coli
-Aminoglycosides (neomycin) -Tetracyclines -IV fluid therapy
49
Control measures for E. coli
Sanitation and management. Make sure newborns get colostrum -Vaccinations
50
O157:H7 in humans
Causes hemorrhagic colitis and in children HUS, can get hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia
51
Pathology of O157:H7
Colonizes intestinal cells -Produces Stx to damage endothelial cells
52
Reservoir for O157:H7
Cattle. Present in GI and shed in feces
53
Source of infection of O157:H7
-Undercooked beef and unpasteurized milk -Unpasteurized fruit juices -Drinking water -Contaminated leafy veggies

Bacteriology (29 decks)

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