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Salmonella Flashcards

1
Q

Gram stain

A

Gram negative

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2
Q

Morphology

A

Rod shaped with peritrichous flagella

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3
Q

Oxygen requirements

A

Facultatively anaerobic

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4
Q

Habitat

A

GI tract of all animals, including fish, and reptiles

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5
Q

Antigenic characteristics

A

-O antigen
-H antigen
-Virulence or capsular: only some have
-Flagella
-Endotoxin
-Pathogenicity islands
-Siderophores
-Stress proteins
-Virulence plasmids

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6
Q

Two main classifications of salmonella

A

S. bongori and S. Enterica

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7
Q

Human serotypes

A

-Typhi
-Paratyphi
-Schottmulleri
-Hirschfeldii
-Sendai

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8
Q

Cattle serotypes

A

Dublin

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9
Q

Swine serotypes

A

-Cholerasuis
-Typhisuis

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10
Q

Poultry serotypes

A

-Pullorum
-Gallinarum

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11
Q

Does salmonella ferment lactose

A

No

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12
Q

Mode of infection

A
  1. oral
  2. Transovarian transmission (ovary to egg in chickens)
  3. Flies
  4. Foodborne infections in humans
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13
Q

Predisposing factor for salmonella

A

Stress!
-Shipping
-Cold
-Overcrowding
-Surgery
etc

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14
Q

Two major sources of infections

A

-Infected animals
-Asymptomatic carriers

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15
Q

Pathogenesis of intestinal infections

A
  1. Colonization of the intestine
  2. Invasion and damage of the intestinal epithelium
  3. Stimulation of fluid production and excretion
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16
Q

How does salmonella invade intestinal epithelium

A

1.Enter the cells through the microvilli or junction complexes
2. Multiply and attach adjacent cells
3. Enter lamina propria and engulfed by macrophages
4. Able to survive and multiply inside phagocytes

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17
Q

Salmonella enteritis

A

Usually the ileum affected
-SHorten and distort villi
-Degeneration of enterocytes
-Increase emptying of goblet cells
-Neutrophilic infiltration

18
Q

How does salmonella result in diarrhea

A
  1. Net secretion of water, bicarb, and chloride into lumen
  2. Loss of epithelial cells resulting in impaired absorption
19
Q

How does salmonella become systemic

A

Intestinal mucosa and submucosa infections travel in lymphatics to lymph nodes and then blood and then filtered in spleen and liver.
-Key virulence factor is LPS

20
Q

Bovine salmonellosis serotypes

A

Dublin and typhimurium

21
Q

What are the symptoms of bovine salmonellosis

A

-Adult: fever, depression, and severe diarrhea with blood and mucus
-Cows: abortion
-Calves: between 3-6wks. Fever and diarrhea die in 2 days

22
Q

What are ways that salmonella cause abortion

A
  1. Bacteremia causes infection of placenta and fetus
  2. Endotoxemia causes release of PGF2a and causes lysis of the corpus luteum
23
Q

Equine salmonellosis serotypes

A

-Typhimurium
-Newport
-Enteritidis
-Heidelberg

24
Q

Equine salmonellosis symptoms

A

-Adult: fever, depression and sever diarrhea with blood and mucus
-Foals: septicemia with high mortality

25
Forms of swine salmonellosis
Acute: purplish areas, fever, death in 1-3 days -Subacute: diarrhea -Chronic form: enteritis with secondary invasion (necrosis)
26
Avian salmonellosis serotypes
-Pullorum -Gallinarum -Typhimurium
27
Salmonella pullorum in birds
-Highly fatal to young chicks -Adults are carries and excrete in feces -Causes caseous lesions in gizzard and or lungs
28
Diagnosis of S. pullorum
Serology from agglutination test
29
Modes of transmission of Salmonella pullorum
-Transovarian -Ingestion -Inhalation
30
Modes of infection of S. gallinarum
-transovarian transmission -Inhalation -Ingestion -Tick borne
31
Signs of S. gallinarum
-Acute septicemic disease -Weakness -Hyperexcitability -Paresis -Diarrhea -Meningitis -Multiple small necrotic areas in the liver and heart
32
National Eradication Program
Pullorum and fowl typhoid are mandatory reportable disease. Must quarantine outbreaks. Breeding flock require periodic testing
33
Avian S. typhimurium
-Enteritis -Diarrhea -Septicemia
34
S. anatum in birds
Keel disease in ducks
35
Diagnosis
Bacterial isolation and find serotype in chickens. Serology of blood or serum
36
Immunity against salmonella
Humoral and cell mediated -IgA-local immunity -IgG-against O specific polysaccharide
37
Treatment
-Aminoglycosides -Tetracyclines -Good to conduct susceptibility test -Fluid and electrolyte therapy
38
Vaccines
-Bacterins not effective -Live attenuated oral administered is best protection -Vaccine with mutants -SRP vaccine
39
Control measures
1. Reduce contamination of environment 2. Eliminating source of infection 3. Minimize stress
40
Salmonella in humans
1. Typhoid fever 2. Enteric fever 3. Gastroenteritis: foodborne most common
41
Multi-drug resistant salmonella
Typhimurium and Newport; Resistant to Amp, Cmp, Str, Sulfa, tet and fluoroquinolones

Bacteriology (29 decks)

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