Immunity, Vaccines, and Serological Tests

Question 1

Types of Immune system

Answer 1

Innate and adaptive

Question 2

Innate immuntiy

Answer 2

Natural defense, first line of defense

• Mechanical and physiological barriers
• Phagocytosis
• Inflammatory response

Question 3

Adaptive immunity

Answer 3

Immune response mounted to specific antigens (humoral or cellular)

Question 4

Immunodefiency

Answer 4

Defects in immune system result in failure to recognize and respond to antigens

Question 5

Immunocompromised host

Answer 5

Specific or nonspecific immunity defects. From many different causes

Question 6

Antigen or immunogen

Answer 6

Substance to which an immune response is mounted

Question 7

Epitope

Answer 7

Structure on antigen that an antibody recognizes

Question 8

Anitbodies or immunoglobulins

Answer 8

Produced in response to antigenic stimulation, polyclonal (many epitopes) or monoclonal (one epitope)

Question 9

Polyclonal antibody

Answer 9

Can bind to many different epitopes

Question 10

Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 10

Antibodies specific to one epitope produced by a single B cell and myeloma cell (hybridoma) Not natural comes from a lab

Question 11

Humoral immunity

Answer 11

Circulating antibodies in the blood stimulate B lymphocyte

Question 12

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 12

Cellular response initiated by T lymphocytes

Question 13

Passive immunization

Answer 13

Antibodies from serum of another person for rapid protection or treatment. Can be natural or artificial

Question 14

Active immunization

Answer 14

Administration of antigen to stimulate antibody production

Question 15

Types of vaccines

Answer 15

1. Live vaccine

2. Killed/ inactivated/subunit vaccine

Question 16

Live vaccine

Answer 16

Usually mutant or auxotrophic that are temperature sensitive. Long lived but infective to immunocompromised

Question 17

Killed vaccines

Answer 17

Inactive or just a component of microbe need a large amount and needs adjuvant not as long lived and only humoral

Question 18

Bacterin

Answer 18

Vaccine with killed whole cells

Question 19

Autogenous bacterin

Answer 19

Vaccine made from an isolate from a farm or herd in which the vaccine is used

Question 20

Subunit vaccine

Answer 20

Use cell components or protective antigen that can induce protective immunity

Question 21

Toxoid vaccine

Answer 21

Inactivated toxin

Question 22

DNA vaccine

Answer 22

Plasmid DNA is injected and then express protein for body to recognize and create antibody for

Question 23

Serology

Answer 23

Study of serum, specifically antibodies

Question 24

Serological tests

Answer 24

Tests based AG and Ab reaction

Question 25

Toxin neutralization

Answer 25

Add antibodies for a specific toxin then add the cell. If the cell is not damaged we know that the toxin that the antibody was specific for is present

Question 26

Precipitation

Answer 26

Interaction of soluble antigen with antibody

Question 27

Agglutination

Answer 27

Interaction of particulate antigen with antibody, can be direct or passive

Question 28

Passive agglutination

Answer 28

Soluble antigen or antibody is coated or linked to cells or insoluble particles such as latex

Question 29

Western Blot

Answer 29

Protein immunoblot. Identify specific protein from gel electrophoresis

Question 30

Fluorescent Antibody technique

Answer 30

Antibodies are linked to a dye. Can be direct or indirect

Question 31

Direct fluorescent antibody

Answer 31

Antibacterial antibody labeled with dye

Question 32

Indirect fluorescent antibody

Answer 32

Anti antibody with fluorescent dye binds to antibody for specific antigen

Question 33

ELISA

Answer 33

Detect and quantify antibodies

Question 34

Sandwich ELISA

Answer 34

Detect antigen between capture and detection antibody. Target antigen must have at least two binding sites