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Bacteriology > Bacteria anatomy > Flashcards

Bacteria anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it important to study bacterial structures?

A
  • Identification
  • Determine pathogenicity and pathogenesis
  • Targets for control
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2
Q

3 basic shapes of bacteria?

A
  • Spherical (coccus)
  • Rods (bacillus)
  • Spirals or spirochets
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3
Q

What is a monomorphic shape?

A

Uniform shape and size

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4
Q

What is pleomorphic

A

Variable shape

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5
Q

What are three broad categories of bacterial structures?

A
  1. Cell envelope (cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall)
  2. Cytoplasmic structures
  3. Surface structures
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6
Q

What are bacterial cytoplasmic membranes made of?

A

Phospholipids and proteins but no sterols

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7
Q

What is one bacteria that does have sterols in their cytoplasmic membrane?

A

Mycoplasma

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8
Q

What is the function of cytoplasmic membrane?

A
  • Selective barrier
  • Contains enzymes
  • Target for antibiotics and disinfectants
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9
Q

What is the purpose of the cell wall

A
  • Complex and rigid
  • Protects interior of the cell
  • Contributes to virulence
  • Determines gram stain
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10
Q

What are the steps of the Gram stain?

A
  1. Crystal violet
  2. Iodine (mordant)
  3. Alcohol (decolorizing agent)
  4. Safranin (counter stain)
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11
Q

What color is gram positive?

A

Purple

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12
Q

What color is gram negative?

A

Pink, colorless until you use the counter stain

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13
Q

What is the macromolecule cell wall are made of?

A

Peptidoglycan

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14
Q

What is the target for penicillin?

A

The cross linkage between tetrapeptides of peptidoglycans

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15
Q

What is the periplasm?

A

Space between peptidoglycan and cytoplasmic membrane

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16
Q

What is teichoic acid?

A

Polymer of glycerol or ribitol with phasphate. Only found in Gram +

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17
Q

What are the classes of teichoic acid?

A
  • Lipoteichoic acid

- Cell wall teichoic acid

18
Q

What is the function of teichoic acid

A

Transport cations

19
Q

What is the biggest difference in cell envelope of Gram-

A

Very tin peptidoglycan wall

20
Q

What is the outer membrane of gram - made of?

A

Lipopolysaccharide and protein

21
Q

What is the cell envelope consist of in gram -

A

Cytoplasmic membrane (phospholipid), Peptidoglycan (thin), Outer membrane (phospholipid and lipid a)

22
Q

What is lipopolysaccharide?

A

Endotoxin. Found in gram -. Main component is lipid A

23
Q

What is in the cell wall of mycobacterium?

A

No peptidoglycan. Contains waxy lipid coat of mycolic acid

24
Q

How can you stain mycobacterium?

A

Acid fast staining

25
Q

What is extrachromosomal DNA?

A

Plasmid

26
Q

Do bacteria have nuclear membranes?

A

No

27
Q

What type of DNA do bacteria have?

A

Circular dsDNA

28
Q

What type of ribosome do bacteria have?

A

70S. 16S rRNA 1500 NT

29
Q

What are mesosomes?

A

Only found in Gram -. Folds of cell membrane in cytoplasm used for cell division

30
Q

What are inclusions or storage granules?

A

Reserve materials stored in cytoplasm

31
Q

What genes are found in plasmids?

A

Selective advantages to the cells not for growth or division

32
Q

What is curing?

A

Elimination of plasmids either spontaneously or from treatment

33
Q

What are spores?

A

Consists of thick spore coat and resistant to most things. Ensures that the DNA inside survives

34
Q

What are actin-like proteins?

A

Cytoskeletons that give the cell its shape. Major ones is MreB in rods and spirals

35
Q

What are the types of cell surface structures?

A

Capsule or slime. Most are polysaccharide

36
Q

How do you stain capsule?

A

Negative stain. Stain everything but the capsule

37
Q

What is the function of capsules?

A
  • Protection
  • Nutrition
  • Antigenic determinant (K antigen)
  • Mediates attachment
38
Q

What is the biofilm

A

Group of bacterial cells embedded in a common matrix of the capsular polysaccharide

39
Q

What is a flagella?

A

Originate from cytoplasmic membrane made from flagellin. Used for movement. Antigenic (H antigen)

40
Q

What are pili or fimbriae?

A

Made from protein pilin and mediate attachment to cells. Sex pilus is used in conjugation (Transfer of DNA)

Bacteriology (29 decks)

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