Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology > Metabolism, Nutrition and Growth > Flashcards

Metabolism, Nutrition and Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Catabolism

A

Transfer energy from complex molecules to ATP. Heat is released. Break things down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anabolism

A

Transfer energy from ATP to complex molecules. Build things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Substrate-level phosphorylation

A

Transfer energy to ADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Transfer of energy to electron carriers and ultimately to oxygen or other electron acceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

Transfer energy from the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chemotrophs

A

Derive energy from chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two mechanisms of chemotrophs

A

-Respirations (O2, aerobic)
-Fermentation (no O2, anaerobic)
both involve oxidation-reduction reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three types of final electron acceptors for metabolism?

A
  • O2 aerobic respiration
  • Inorganic compounds anaerobic respiration
  • Organic compounds fermentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the end products of fermentation

A
  • acetate
  • Propionate
  • Butyrate
  • Lactate
  • Ethanol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are complex organic substrates catabolized?

A

Extracellular enzymes break complex molecules to simple molecules and then the components of the is metabolized separately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission (asexual)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Generation time?

A

Time required for one cell to become two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Four phases of the growth curve

A
  • Lag
  • Log
  • Stationary
  • Death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe bacterial cell division

A

DNA replicates-> cell elongates- septum formation-> Septum completes to form distinct walls-> cells separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lag phase

A

Slow amount of growth at the start of the growth curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Log phase

A

Greatest slope of growth were they start dividing. Exponentially growing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stationary phase

A

Plateau where not dividing anymore

18
Q

Death phase

A

Less cells are made compared to the amount of bacteria dying

19
Q

How do we measure bacterial growth

A
  • Direct

- Indirect

20
Q

Direct method of bacterial growth

A
  • Microscopic counts (count live and dead)
  • Viable counts (only count live)
  • count the number of colonies no the number of cells
21
Q

What level of dilution is generally used for viable counts

A

ten-fold dilution through serial dilution

22
Q

What is the spread-plate method?

A

Sample pipetted on agar and spread evenly then incubated

23
Q

What is the pour plate method?

A

Add sample to empty plate then add medium and mix then incubate

24
Q

What is the indirect methods of bacterial growth

A

Measure turbidity in spectrophotometer or absorbance of sample

25
Q

When is quantification of bacteria important

A
  • Milk and urine samples where there is usually some amount of bacteria present
  • Antibiotic susceptibility determinations
26
Q

What types of aerobes are there?

A
  • Obligate
  • Facultative
  • Microaerophilic
27
Q

What types of anaerobes are there?

A
  • Aerotolerant

- Obligate

28
Q

Why is oxygen detrimental to obligate anaerobes?

A

Get toxic forms of O2 that inhibit or kill by disrupting nucleic acid and protein structures

29
Q

Enzymes that detoxify oxygen radicals

A

-Catalase
-Peroxidase
-Superoxide dismutase
Not found in anaerobes

30
Q

Capnophiles/ Carboxyphiles

A

Require more CO2 than atmospheric concentration

31
Q

Psychophriles

A

10-15C

32
Q

Mesophiles

A

30-37 C (body temp of most animals)

33
Q

Thermophiles

A

> 55C

34
Q

Food borne pathogens that are psychrophiles

A
  • Yersinia enterocolitica

- Listeria monocytogenes

35
Q

Optimal pH for bacteria

A

6.8- 7.2 (fungi are acid tolerant)

36
Q

Ionic strength/ osmotic pressure bacteria grow in

A

Physiological (0.65% NaCl)

37
Q

Bacterial macronutrients

A

Carbon, nitrogen, S, P Na, Ca etc

38
Q

Bacterial micronutrients

A

Metals

39
Q

Role of iron in bacteria

A

Used in respiration and obtain it from the host. Need to make siderophores that can bind to iron tied up to transferrin and lactoferrin in the host

40
Q

Siderophores

A

Bind Fe and transport it to bacteria

41
Q

Growth factors in bacteria

A

Organic compounds need in small amounts to signal growth

42
Q

Erythritol

A

Sugar alcohol that serves as growth factor of B. abortus. Present in repro organs

Bacteriology (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions