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Neuro > Spinal cord injury > Flashcards

Spinal cord injury Flashcards

1
Q

definition: when all 4 limbs are paralyzed

A

tetraplegia

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2
Q

definition: when only the LEs are paralyzed

A

paraplegia

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3
Q

What is the common SCI patient?

A

Young males

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4
Q

What are the most common segments for spinal cord injury?

A
  1. C5
  2. C4
  3. C6
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5
Q

Most SCIs are (complete/incomplete) lacerations

A

incomplete

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6
Q

definition: post-injury state where the body is in shock and there is temporary loss in function

A

spinal shock

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7
Q

What can lead to injury and/or death of cells (excitotoxicity)?

A

glutamate –> Attaches to healthy neurons and enables calcium and sodium to go into the cell

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8
Q

What are common symptoms of spinal cord syndromes?

A
  • urinary retention
  • LE weakness
  • sensory issues
  • saddle anesthesia
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9
Q

What levels of the spinal cords are most common to have herniations?

A

L4/L5

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10
Q

definition: syndrome where 1/2 of a spinal cord segment is injured

A

brown-sequard syndrome

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11
Q

Pain and temperature are ______ with brown-sequard syndrome.

A

absent CONTRALATERALLY BELOW the lesion

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12
Q

What happens to pressure and vibration stimuli if the patient has brown-sequard syndrome?

A

The messages cannot go through the lesion ipsilaterally when going DOWN the spinal cord level affected.

CAN travel upwards at the levels above the affected segment

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13
Q

What happens to Motor messages if the patient has brown-sequard syndrome?

A

absent IPSILATERALLY @ the level of the lesion and the levels BELOW it.

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14
Q

definition: lesion of the anterior half of the spinal cord segment affected.

A

Anterior lesion

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15
Q

Pressure and vibration are ___ when there is an anterior lesion present.

A

Intact

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16
Q

What happens to pain and temperature stimuli if the patient has an anterior lesion?

A

Absent BILATERALLY

17
Q

What happens to Motor messages if the patient has an anterior lesion?

A

Absent BILATERALLY at and BELOW the segment with the lesion

18
Q

What can cause an anterior lesion?

A

Severe blood loss and anterior trauma

19
Q

Pressure and vibration are ___ when there is central cord syndrome.

A

intact

20
Q

What happens to pain and temperature stimuli if the patient has central cord syndrome?

A

NOT affected other than at the level of the segment injured

21
Q

What happens to Motor messages if the patient has central cord syndrome?

A

NOT affected except at the segment of the lesion

22
Q

What can cause central cord syndrome?

A

Violent movement in FLX and EXT

23
Q

definition: cyst filled with fluid with causes being spontaneous or from trauma

A

syringomyelia

24
Q

Syringomyelia is commonly found in (younger/older) individuals

A

younger

25
Q

What are the s/s of syringomyelia?

A
  • impaired pain and temperature
  • UE weakness (that can include multiple segments)
  • decreased DTRs
  • LE spasticity
26
Q

What diagnostic imaging is better when looking for involvement within the spinal canal?

A

CT

27
Q

What tracts does the Standard Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Assessment examine?

A

dorsal columns
spinothalamic
corticospinal

28
Q

What are the effects of a SCI on the Musculoskeletal system?

A
  • flaccidity
  • spasticity
  • heterotropic ossificans
  • osteoporosis
  • joint pain
  • contractures
  • fractures
29
Q

What are the effects of a SCI on the ANS?

A
  • impaired thermoregulation
  • autonomic dysreflexia above T6
30
Q

What are the effects of a SCI on the CV system?

A
  • hypotension
  • DVT risk
  • Decreased CO
31
Q

What are the effects of a SCI on the respiratory system?

A
  • risk of pneumonia
32
Q

What are the effects of a SCI on the bowel and bladder?

A
  • neurogenic, flaccid, spastic
  • UTI
  • catheter use
33
Q

What are the effects of a SCI on the integumentary system?

A

Pressure ulcers

34
Q

SCIs can cause a higher risk of _____ diagnoses.

A

Type II DM

35
Q

A hemorrhage detected from a ___ is worse.

A

MRI

Neuro (45 decks)

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