NMPT interventions Flashcards
definition:
Generate several alternative hypotheses about potential causes
Determine crucial tests and expected outcomes to rule out one or more hypotheses
Carry out tests
Continue the process of generating and testing hypotheses, refining understanding of the causes of the problem
hypothesis-oriented clinical practice
definition: A thought process that may not include formal documentation
May include documentation of the assessment of the data collected in the examination
Identification of problems pertinent to patient/client management
evaluation
definition: Provides documentation of the predicted level of improvement that might be attained through intervention and the amount of time required to reach that level.
Typically, not separate documentation elements, but the components are included as part of the plan of care.
prognosis
What is the acronym for goal-writing?
ABCDE
Actor
behavior
condition
degree
expected time/duration
definition: consists of enhancing skills and resources or reversing impairments
remediation
definition: refers to the alteration of the environment or the task
compensation
What intervention approach is taken if it is determined that remediation is not possible?
compensation
definition: Training for use of an assistive device or orthotic to compensate for a permanent impairment or lost body system function.
compensation training
definition: Teaching the client to use a different sensory system or muscle group to substitute for lost function of another system.
substitution training
definition: Activity-based provocation of symptoms with the goal of symptom reduction with repetitive practice.
habituation training
definition:
Remediation
Driving changes in structure and function of the nervous system (CNS/PNS) with repetitive, attended practice.
neural adaptation
definition: the capacity of the nervous system to modify itself, functionally and structurally, in response to experience and injury
neural plasticity
(true/false) Those that asses at the activity level will not capture “recovery” versus those that assess at the level of body function/structure
true
(true/false) Functional gains can occur in the absence of motor recovery
true
_______ at the neuronal level is characterized by reactivation in brain areas previously non-activated by the circulatory event.
–> repair of structures to their original state and functional patterns
recovery
_______ at the neuronal level is characterized by activation in alternative brain areas not normally observed in nondisabled individuals.
compensation
Stereotypic movements are (normal/not normal)
not normal
(true/false) Most evaluations at the activity level do not specify how the task is accomplished nor which compensatory movements were used.
true
(true/false) Rehabilitation process may influence both the neuronal connectivity as well as functional activity
true
definition: Practice of a functional skill without the need of major program correction.
- Patient will experience error and self-correct as the program becomes more automatic and integrated.
functional training
example: gait training with a cane
functional training
definition: training where the treatment focus would be on correcting a subsystem impairment during an activity.
Strength, balance, and endurance limitations are looked at
impairment training
definition: Training with external feedback and perimeter control over the motor program within the functional activity to express a portion of an aspect of the total response necessary to perform the desired movement
augmented feedback training
What are 3 types of external feedback used during augmented feedback training?
verbal, visual, kinesthetic
definition: training where the treatment focus is placed on increasing sensory awareness as a result of somatosensory cortical involvement.
somatosensory training
examples:
- postural control in various situations
- attending to a neglected limb
somatosensory training
What are the strategies of intervention?
- movement strategies
- sensory strategies
- cognitive strategies
What are movement strategies used to improve postural control?
- control COM relative to the BOS
- maintain alignment
What are the sensory strategies used to improve postural control?
Learning to organize and select the most appropriate sensory input(s) for postural control
What are the cognitive strategies used to improve postural control?
Learning to allocate attentional resources for postural control during performance of multiple tasks
What are general movement strategies?
- retraining reactive balance control
- retraining anticipatory balance control
What are ways to retrain reactive balance control?
external perturbations
pushes/pulls to the hips or shoulders
What are examples of functional training for anticipatory control?
reaching, lifting, and throwing
What are general sensory strategies?
- absence of visual cues
- decrease in somatosensory cues (compliant surfaces, moving surfaces)
- increase reliance on vestibular input (reducing both vision and somatosensory inputs)
What are general cognitive strategies?
- single task balance training
- dual task balance training
What type of practice is better for motor conditioning?
random
What is a major factor in determining stability of a patient?
foot placement at initial contact
What planes should patients have stability in?
sagittal and frontal
Is a cane or walker easier for patients with attentional demands?
rolling walker
Much of the energy generation during gait comes from the _______ during “push-off’ in terminal stance
gastrocnemius
One should work on climbing interventions with patients that have an issue with (concentric/eccentric) control
concentric control
One should work on descending (stairs/height) interventions with patients that have an issue with (concentric/eccentric) control
eccentric control
