HD/MS/ ALS Flashcards
What causes HD?
The overexpression of huntingtin
Who is HD most likely going to affect?
Males, 30-50 y/o
With HD, there will be a loss of cells in the ___.
striatum
What is the first s/s of HD?
Uncharacteristic behaviors
What are the s/s of HD?
- chorea
- uncharacteristic behaviors
- slowed saccadic eye movements
- dementia
- bradykinesia
- rigidity
What comes first with HD… bradykinesia/rigidity or chorea?
chorea
(true/false) HD is NOT genetic
FALSE
definition: demyelinating disease of the CNS (attacking the oligodendrocytes)
MS
(true/false) MS has a genetic component
true
(true/false) MS is primarily a disease of neurons and not myelin
False
(true/false) MS affects both the CNS and PNS.
False… just the CNS
What are s/s of MS?
- sensory disturbance
- optic neuritis
- diplopia
- fatigue
- motor dysfunction
- coordination issues
- spasticity
- bowel and bladder urgency
- pain
- cerebellar dysfunction
- attn/cognition deficits
- emotional instability
Changes in the ___ is most commonly used to diagnose someone with MS.
CSF
MS Disease Progression Category:
- When the first neurologic symptoms present themselves
Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)
MS Disease Progression Category:
- the stage where the majority of pts fall into
Exacerbating relapsing-Remitting
MS Disease Progression Category:
- rare stage of MS
primary progressive
Exscerbating relapsing-remitting stage of MS progresses to ______ stage.
secondary progressive
What is the most common disease affecting the MN in the cortex and spinal cord?
ALS
Who does ALS affect the most?
males, 50-70 y/o
What is suspected as the cause of ALS?
excitotoxicity and free radical damage
(true/false) ALS has both UMN and LMN symptoms.
true
What are the s/s of ALS?
- weakness
- fasciculations that can be seen under the skin
- hyperreflexia
- spasticity
- problems with swallowing, speech, and respiration
Most people with HD die from __ and ___.
pneumonia and aspiration
ALS is found in more (proximal/distal) structures
distal
ALS is (asymmetric/symmetric)
asymmetric
Most people with ALS die within ___-__ years
3-5 years
What is the usual cause of death for those with ALS?
respiratory failure
