Peripheral Nerve Pathologies Flashcards
definition: affecting more than one individual nerve
multiple mononeuropathy
definition: distal, graded, SYMMETRIC pattern involving peripheral nerves
polyneuropathy
definition: lesion to one or more spinal nerves/roots
radiculopathy
What are the general symptoms of peripheral nerve pathologies?
- paresthesias
- numbness
- burning/lancinating pain
- weakness
What are clinical findings of peripheral nerve pathologies?
- motor weakness and atrophy
- ataxia
- autonomic NS involvement
- deformities
- skin changes
- decreased or absent DTRs
- sensory loss
What is the distribution of sensory loss for a polyneuropathy?
stocking/glove
What is the distribution of sensory loss for a spinal root?
dermatome
What is the clinical triad for polyneuropathies?
- distal weakness
- distal sensory changes
- hyporeflexia
What are the major causes of peripheral neuropathy?
- systemic illness (DM, uremia, hypothyroidism)
- toxic/metabolic
- inflammatory diseases (Guillian-Barre syndrome)
- infectious diseases (lyme disease, HIV/AIDS, Herpes Zoster)
- hereditary
- trauma
definition: a raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys.
uremia
definition: A demyelinating neuropathy where the myelin in the PNS is being attacked
guillian-barre syndrome
(true/false) Axonal degeneration can occur with guillian-barre syndrome.
true
What are the s/s of guillian-barre syndrome?
- painful paresthesia
- multifocal, symmetrical weakness
- respiratory and bulbar muscle involvement
- autonomic NS dysfunction (abnormal BP and arrythmias)
- loss of DTRs
Guillian-Barre syndrome is most commonly seen in the (UE/LE) first.
LEs (but can be in both)
Later stages of _____ can result in peripheral neuropathies.
HIV/AIDS
definition: large fiber neuropathy
friedreich’s ataxia
Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) Disease is an autosomal (dominant/recessive) disease
dominant
What is the most common symptom of charcot marie tooth (CMT) disease?
weakness
What are the s/s of charcot marie tooth disease?
- weakness
- pes cavus
- demyelination
- decreased proprioception, pain, and vibration
When is the onset of charcot marie tooth syndrome most common?
late teens/young adulthood
Re-myelination (is/is not) normal after a Peripheral nerve injury.
is not normal
(true/false) correct sensory AND muscle re-connection after a peripheral nerve injury is not common.
Sensory does not normally make it back to the correct target
muscular connection is normally restored
Proximal muscle weakness occurs with ___.
myopathies
Distal muscle weakness occurs with ____.
neuropathies
Wallerian degeneration of neurons commonly occur at the (proximal/distal) end of the axon
distal
