neuroscience review

Question 1

The brain and spinal cord are structures in what system?

Answer 1

CNS

Question 2

Unipolar neurons are (sensory, motor) neurons.

Answer 2

sensory

Question 3

What type of neuron does not have true dendrites?

Answer 3

Pseudounipolar

Question 4

Pseudounipolar neurons begin with the same structure as ___ neurons and then mature.

Answer 4

bipolar

Question 5

Multipolar neurons are (sensory/motor) neurons.

Answer 5

motor

Question 6

Pseudounipolar neurons are (sensory/motor) neurons.

Answer 6

sensory

Question 7

What neurologic disorder has the highest incidence?

Answer 7

chronic LBP

Question 8

What is the # of new cases in a year within a population?

Answer 8

incidence

Question 9

What is the # of cases occurring at a specific time (not counting just new cases)?

Answer 9

prevelence

Question 10

Where is the SER found in a neuron?

Answer 10

axon, cell body

Question 11

Where is the RER found in a neuron?

Answer 11

axon

Question 12

A pathway where one presynaptic neuron branches to affect a larger number of polysynaptic neurons.

Answer 12

divergent

Question 13

A pathway where many presynaptic neurons converge to influence a smaller number of postsynaptic neurons.

Answer 13

convergent

Question 14

Movement down the axon to the synaptic terminals

Answer 14

anterograde transport

Question 15

Movement up an axon towards the cell body.

Answer 15

retrograde transport

Question 16

(true/false) Slow axonal transport requires energy.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Slow axonal transport only has _____ transport.

Answer 17

anterograde

Question 18

There are ___ glial cells to 1 neuron.

Answer 18

3

Question 19

What cells make the myelin within the CNS?

Answer 19

oligodendrocytes

Question 20

What cells create myelin within the PNS?

Answer 20

schwann cells

Question 21

What cell does the following:

• looks for debris within the CNS
• cause glial scars
• communicate with other neurons
• provide structure to the CNS

Answer 21

Astrocytes

Question 22

What cell eats bacteria at an injury site in the body?

Answer 22

microglia

Question 23

What cell is the primary CNS scavenger?

Answer 23

Microglia

Question 24

Multiple Sclerosis is the malfunction of ____ and causes difficult transmission of signals.

Answer 24

oligodendrocytes

Question 25

What are the structures that make up the diencephalon?

Answer 25

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

Question 26

What is the the 5th lobe of the brain?

Answer 26

limbic lobe

Question 27

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 27

motor function (includes tongue and muscles of speech), executive function/decision making, personality, memory

Question 28

What does the parietal lobe do?

Answer 28

Provides sensory information (simple and complex)

Question 29

What does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 29

language, memory, visual memory

Question 30

What does the limbic lobe do?

Answer 30

memory, emotions

Question 31

Relay station for sensory motor learning

Answer 31

Thalamus

Question 32

Regulates thermoregulation, thirst, hunger, etc

Answer 32

hypothalamus

Question 33

Has the pineal gland that produces melatonin

Answer 33

epithalamus

Question 34

The subthalamus has some (sensory/motor) system involvement

Answer 34

motor

Question 35

- involved in sensory-motor coordination | - involved in motor learning

Answer 35

cerebellum

Question 36

Serves as a conduit of basic functions and is part of the cranial nerve system

Answer 36

Brainstem

Question 37

The (dorsal/ventral) root is considered as the sensory root going to the spinal cord.

Answer 37

dorsal

Question 38

The spinal nerves leave the CNS via the ______.

Answer 38

intervertebral foramen

Question 39

Spinal levels __-___ are considered as the sympathetic system

Answer 39

T1-L2

Question 40

Spinal levels ___-__ are considered as the parasympathetic system along with some nerves within the brainstem.

Answer 40

S2-S4

Question 41

What are the roles of the dorsal columns of the ascending tracts of the spinal cord?

Answer 41

proprioception, discriminative touch

Question 42

What is the role of the spinothalamic tract within the ascending tracts of the spinal cord?

Answer 42

crude touch, proprioception, discriminative touch, pain

Question 43

The lateral corticospinal tract (descending tract) innervates the ____ muscles and can be tested via ____.

Answer 43

appendicular, MMT

Question 44

The anterior corticospinal tract (descending tract) innervates the ___ muscles.

Answer 44

axial

Question 45

(true/false) the anterior corticospinal tract is commonly tested.

Answer 45

False

Question 46

What nervous system lesion has the following: | - increased weakness, atrophy, and increased DTRS

Answer 46

UMN

Question 47

What nervous system lesion has the following: - increased weakness and atrophy - decreased/absent DTRs

Answer 47

LMN

Question 48

The spinal cord ends around the ___ level of the spine.

Answer 48

L2