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Neuro > neuroscience review > Flashcards

neuroscience review Flashcards

1
Q

The brain and spinal cord are structures in what system?

A

CNS

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2
Q

Unipolar neurons are (sensory, motor) neurons.

A

sensory

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3
Q

What type of neuron does not have true dendrites?

A

Pseudounipolar

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4
Q

Pseudounipolar neurons begin with the same structure as ___ neurons and then mature.

A

bipolar

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5
Q

Multipolar neurons are (sensory/motor) neurons.

A

motor

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6
Q

Pseudounipolar neurons are (sensory/motor) neurons.

A

sensory

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7
Q

What neurologic disorder has the highest incidence?

A

chronic LBP

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8
Q

What is the # of new cases in a year within a population?

A

incidence

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9
Q

What is the # of cases occurring at a specific time (not counting just new cases)?

A

prevelence

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10
Q

Where is the SER found in a neuron?

A

axon, cell body

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11
Q

Where is the RER found in a neuron?

A

axon

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12
Q

A pathway where one presynaptic neuron branches to affect a larger number of polysynaptic neurons.

A

divergent

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13
Q

A pathway where many presynaptic neurons converge to influence a smaller number of postsynaptic neurons.

A

convergent

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14
Q

Movement down the axon to the synaptic terminals

A

anterograde transport

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15
Q

Movement up an axon towards the cell body.

A

retrograde transport

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16
Q

(true/false) Slow axonal transport requires energy.

A

False

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17
Q

Slow axonal transport only has _____ transport.

A

anterograde

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18
Q

There are ___ glial cells to 1 neuron.

A

3

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19
Q

What cells make the myelin within the CNS?

A

oligodendrocytes

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20
Q

What cells create myelin within the PNS?

A

schwann cells

21
Q

What cell does the following:

  • looks for debris within the CNS
  • cause glial scars
  • communicate with other neurons
  • provide structure to the CNS
A

Astrocytes

22
Q

What cell eats bacteria at an injury site in the body?

A

microglia

23
Q

What cell is the primary CNS scavenger?

A

Microglia

24
Q

Multiple Sclerosis is the malfunction of ____ and causes difficult transmission of signals.

A

oligodendrocytes

25
Q

What are the structures that make up the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

26
Q

What is the the 5th lobe of the brain?

A

limbic lobe

27
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

motor function (includes tongue and muscles of speech), executive function/decision making, personality, memory

28
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

Provides sensory information (simple and complex)

29
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

language, memory, visual memory

30
Q

What does the limbic lobe do?

A

memory, emotions

31
Q

Relay station for sensory motor learning

A

Thalamus

32
Q

Regulates thermoregulation, thirst, hunger, etc

A

hypothalamus

33
Q

Has the pineal gland that produces melatonin

A

epithalamus

34
Q

The subthalamus has some (sensory/motor) system involvement

A

motor

35
Q
  • involved in sensory-motor coordination

- involved in motor learning

A

cerebellum

36
Q

Serves as a conduit of basic functions and is part of the cranial nerve system

A

Brainstem

37
Q

The (dorsal/ventral) root is considered as the sensory root going to the spinal cord.

A

dorsal

38
Q

The spinal nerves leave the CNS via the ______.

A

intervertebral foramen

39
Q

Spinal levels __-___ are considered as the sympathetic system

A

T1-L2

40
Q

Spinal levels ___-__ are considered as the parasympathetic system along with some nerves within the brainstem.

A

S2-S4

41
Q

What are the roles of the dorsal columns of the ascending tracts of the spinal cord?

A

proprioception, discriminative touch

42
Q

What is the role of the spinothalamic tract within the ascending tracts of the spinal cord?

A

crude touch, proprioception, discriminative touch, pain

43
Q

The lateral corticospinal tract (descending tract) innervates the ____ muscles and can be tested via ____.

A

appendicular, MMT

44
Q

The anterior corticospinal tract (descending tract) innervates the ___ muscles.

A

axial

45
Q

(true/false) the anterior corticospinal tract is commonly tested.

A

False

46
Q

What nervous system lesion has the following:

- increased weakness, atrophy, and increased DTRS

A

UMN

47
Q

What nervous system lesion has the following:

  • increased weakness and atrophy
  • decreased/absent DTRs
A

LMN

48
Q

The spinal cord ends around the ___ level of the spine.

A

L2

Neuro (45 decks)

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