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Neuro > Seizures and Plasticity > Flashcards

Seizures and Plasticity Flashcards

1
Q

definition: Seizure described by a SUDDEN disturbance in skeletal motor function, sensation, autonomic visceral function, behavior, or consciousness

A

paroxysmal episode

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2
Q

definition: recurrent unprovoked seizures

A

epilepsy

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3
Q

What is it called when a person experiences a pattern within having seizures?

A

epileptic syndrome

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4
Q

definition: a RARE type of seizure characterized by the flailing of the arms and legs

A

epileptic spasms

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5
Q

What are the generalized seizures?

A
  • grand mal (tonic-clonic seizures)
  • absence seizures (petit mal seizures)
  • myoclonic seizures
  • atonic seizures
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6
Q

What are the phases of grand mal seizures? How long do they last?

A
  1. tonic phase (10 seconds)
  2. clonic phase (1-2 minutes)
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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the tonic phase of grand mal seizures?

A
  • LOC
  • eyes open
  • elbow FLX
  • PRON
  • LE EXT
  • teeth clenching
  • dilated pupils
  • cyanosis
  • loss of bowel/bladder control
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of the clonic phase of grand mal seizures?

A
  • tremor/violent shaking
  • eyes rolling back and forth
  • tongue being bitten
  • tachycardia
  • breathing restarts at the end of the phase
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9
Q

(true/false) Absence seizures do have sudden movements.

A

false

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10
Q

Describe what a focal seizure is.

A

A seizure that has symptoms characterized by the part of the cortex being affected.

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11
Q

Seizures can be masked as ___.

A

panic attacks

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12
Q

definition: seizure that results in the loss of talking along with an out-of-body feeling

A

dyscognitive seizure

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13
Q

What type of seizure is a dyscognitive seizure?

A

Focal seizure

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14
Q

definition:
a seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes
OR
having more than 1 seizure within a 5 minute period without returning to a normal LOC between episodes

A

status epilepticus

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15
Q

definition: when the last action potential can release more neurotransmitters than the first action potential

A

synaptic facilitation

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16
Q

definition: many action potentials firing together lasting a short amount of time
vs.
one action potential lasting longer and releasing more neurotransmitters

A

synaptic potentiation

17
Q

definition: less neurotransmitters are being released over time due to tolerance to the stimulus

A

habituation

18
Q

definition: inactive neurons lay dormant until the active neurons are damaged and can no longer release neurotransmitters

A

unmasking

19
Q

(true/false) CNS reorganization can occur without lesions

A

true

20
Q

Long term depression occurs in the ___.

A

cerebellum (inhibiting effect)

21
Q

(true/false) Multiple synapses can help a weak synapse become stronger via the involved neurotransmitter.

A

true

22
Q

What other techniques are being used to increase plasticity?

A
  • virtual reality
  • imagery
  • sensory stimulation
  • cranial stimulation
23
Q

What plasticity technique can be used with actual performance to help with all phases of a stroke?

A

motor imagery

24
Q

What are the imagery parameters when trying to increase plasticity?

A
  • Follow the same rules as regular exercise (10-20 minutes)
  • vital signs should change
  • familiar motions are easier
25
Q

Most coordinated movement requires an intact ____ system.

A

sensory

26
Q

(true/false) the motor and sensory systems are not connected

A

false

27
Q

Low frequency TMS (increases/decreases) excitability

A

decreases

28
Q

High frequency TMS (increases/decreases) excitability

A

increases

29
Q

With TMS you can use (low/high) frequency on the contralateral side of the lesion.

A

low

30
Q

With TMS you can use (low/high) frequency on the ipsilateral side of the lesion.

A

high

31
Q

With a stroke, the contralateral side of the lesion is (inhibited/overexcited)

A

overexcited

32
Q

The lesion side of a stroke is (inhibited/overexcited)

A

inhibited

33
Q

Each hemisphere inhibits the other via ____.

A

callosal connections

Neuro (45 decks)

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