Seizures and Plasticity Flashcards
definition: Seizure described by a SUDDEN disturbance in skeletal motor function, sensation, autonomic visceral function, behavior, or consciousness
paroxysmal episode
definition: recurrent unprovoked seizures
epilepsy
What is it called when a person experiences a pattern within having seizures?
epileptic syndrome
definition: a RARE type of seizure characterized by the flailing of the arms and legs
epileptic spasms
What are the generalized seizures?
- grand mal (tonic-clonic seizures)
- absence seizures (petit mal seizures)
- myoclonic seizures
- atonic seizures
What are the phases of grand mal seizures? How long do they last?
- tonic phase (10 seconds)
- clonic phase (1-2 minutes)
What are the characteristics of the tonic phase of grand mal seizures?
- LOC
- eyes open
- elbow FLX
- PRON
- LE EXT
- teeth clenching
- dilated pupils
- cyanosis
- loss of bowel/bladder control
What are the characteristics of the clonic phase of grand mal seizures?
- tremor/violent shaking
- eyes rolling back and forth
- tongue being bitten
- tachycardia
- breathing restarts at the end of the phase
(true/false) Absence seizures do have sudden movements.
false
Describe what a focal seizure is.
A seizure that has symptoms characterized by the part of the cortex being affected.
Seizures can be masked as ___.
panic attacks
definition: seizure that results in the loss of talking along with an out-of-body feeling
dyscognitive seizure
What type of seizure is a dyscognitive seizure?
Focal seizure
definition:
a seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes
OR
having more than 1 seizure within a 5 minute period without returning to a normal LOC between episodes
status epilepticus
definition: when the last action potential can release more neurotransmitters than the first action potential
synaptic facilitation
definition: many action potentials firing together lasting a short amount of time
vs.
one action potential lasting longer and releasing more neurotransmitters
synaptic potentiation
definition: less neurotransmitters are being released over time due to tolerance to the stimulus
habituation
definition: inactive neurons lay dormant until the active neurons are damaged and can no longer release neurotransmitters
unmasking
(true/false) CNS reorganization can occur without lesions
true
Long term depression occurs in the ___.
cerebellum (inhibiting effect)
(true/false) Multiple synapses can help a weak synapse become stronger via the involved neurotransmitter.
true
What other techniques are being used to increase plasticity?
- virtual reality
- imagery
- sensory stimulation
- cranial stimulation
What plasticity technique can be used with actual performance to help with all phases of a stroke?
motor imagery
What are the imagery parameters when trying to increase plasticity?
- Follow the same rules as regular exercise (10-20 minutes)
- vital signs should change
- familiar motions are easier
