Neuroembryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three germ layers that form an embryo?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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2
Q

The major portions of the CNS develop from the ____.

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

What germ layer induces/helps the ectoderm organize into a group of cells called the neural plate?

A

mesoderm (notocord)

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4
Q

The ____ becomes structures related to the PNS and Autonomic NS

A

neural crest

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5
Q

The neural tube cells become the ____.

A

CNS

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6
Q

The function of the alar plate is ____.

A

sensory (part of the neural tube)

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7
Q

The function of the basal plate is ___.

A

motor (part of the neural tube)

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8
Q

The dividing line of the segments of the neural tube is the _____.

A

sulcus limitans

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9
Q

What are the primary vesicles?

A

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

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10
Q

What parts of the neural tube are derived from the rhombencephalon during week 5 of development?

A

Myeloencephalon, metencephalon

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11
Q

What parts of the neural tube are derived from the prosencephalon during week 5 of development?

A

telencephalon, diencephalon

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12
Q

What does the telencephalon develop into?

A

cerebral hemispheres

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13
Q

What does the diencephalon develop into?

A

thalamus

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14
Q

What does the mesencephalon develop into?

A

midbrain

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15
Q

What does the metencephalon develop into?

A

pons, cerebellum

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16
Q

What does the myelencephalon develop into?

A

Medulla

17
Q

What does the rest of the neural tube develop into?

A

spinal cord

18
Q

The cells of the telencephalon migrate into the shape of a ___ and eventually migrate (inwards/outwards)

A

C, outwards

19
Q

The telencephalon makes (less/more) cells than it requires.

A

more (some cells are programmed for apoptosis)

20
Q

(true/false) Most developmental abormalities of the CNS result in full term births.

A

False

21
Q

Most abnormalities related to the CNS occur in the _____ trimester.

A

first

22
Q

Definition: developmental abnormality that is related to the lack of Oxygen during birth or even infection during pregnancy

A

Cerebral palsy

23
Q

Definition: Failure to close the CAUDAL neuropore

A

spina bifida, myelomeningocele, meningolcele

24
Q

What form of spina bifida can sometimes not be identified due to it’s mildness?

A

spina bifida occulta

25
Q

What form of spina bifida has the herniation of the meninges but can be repaired?

A

meningocele

26
Q

What form of spina bifida has a defect in multiple arches and leads to bowel/bladder/motor problems?

A

myelomeningocele

27
Q

Definition: Abnormal development of the cerebellum that is NOT related to neuropore closing.

S/S: headaches, balance and vision issues

A

chiari malformation

28
Q

Chari malformation is most commonly found in (children/teens/adults)

A

Teens

29
Q

Definition: abnormality that involves the extension of both cerebellar and brain stem tissue into the foramen magnum

caused by neural tube not closing

A

arnold chiari malformation

30
Q

Arnold Chiari Malformations are normally accompanied by ___.

A

myelomeningoceles

31
Q

definition: infant who is born with a flat head due to the failure of closing the ROSTURAL end of the neural tube

A

anencephaly

32
Q

definition: infant who has a small head

A

microcephaly

33
Q

What are the causes for multiple CNS abnormalities?

A

Alcohol, ETOH, cocaine, genetics, infectious diseases

34
Q

For prevention of developmental abnormalities, it is recommended that ____ is added to the diet of the mother.

A

folate