Neuroembryology Flashcards
What are the three germ layers that form an embryo?
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
The major portions of the CNS develop from the ____.
ectoderm
What germ layer induces/helps the ectoderm organize into a group of cells called the neural plate?
mesoderm (notocord)
The ____ becomes structures related to the PNS and Autonomic NS
neural crest
The neural tube cells become the ____.
CNS
The function of the alar plate is ____.
sensory (part of the neural tube)
The function of the basal plate is ___.
motor (part of the neural tube)
The dividing line of the segments of the neural tube is the _____.
sulcus limitans
What are the primary vesicles?
prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
What parts of the neural tube are derived from the rhombencephalon during week 5 of development?
Myeloencephalon, metencephalon
What parts of the neural tube are derived from the prosencephalon during week 5 of development?
telencephalon, diencephalon
What does the telencephalon develop into?
cerebral hemispheres
What does the diencephalon develop into?
thalamus
What does the mesencephalon develop into?
midbrain
What does the metencephalon develop into?
pons, cerebellum
What does the myelencephalon develop into?
Medulla
What does the rest of the neural tube develop into?
spinal cord
The cells of the telencephalon migrate into the shape of a ___ and eventually migrate (inwards/outwards)
C, outwards
The telencephalon makes (less/more) cells than it requires.
more (some cells are programmed for apoptosis)
(true/false) Most developmental abormalities of the CNS result in full term births.
False
Most abnormalities related to the CNS occur in the _____ trimester.
first
Definition: developmental abnormality that is related to the lack of Oxygen during birth or even infection during pregnancy
Cerebral palsy
Definition: Failure to close the CAUDAL neuropore
spina bifida, myelomeningocele, meningolcele
What form of spina bifida can sometimes not be identified due to it’s mildness?
spina bifida occulta
What form of spina bifida has the herniation of the meninges but can be repaired?
meningocele
What form of spina bifida has a defect in multiple arches and leads to bowel/bladder/motor problems?
myelomeningocele
Definition: Abnormal development of the cerebellum that is NOT related to neuropore closing.
S/S: headaches, balance and vision issues
chiari malformation
Chari malformation is most commonly found in (children/teens/adults)
Teens
Definition: abnormality that involves the extension of both cerebellar and brain stem tissue into the foramen magnum
caused by neural tube not closing
arnold chiari malformation
Arnold Chiari Malformations are normally accompanied by ___.
myelomeningoceles
definition: infant who is born with a flat head due to the failure of closing the ROSTURAL end of the neural tube
anencephaly
definition: infant who has a small head
microcephaly
What are the causes for multiple CNS abnormalities?
Alcohol, ETOH, cocaine, genetics, infectious diseases
For prevention of developmental abnormalities, it is recommended that ____ is added to the diet of the mother.
folate
