MS Flashcards
What is MS?
Progressive, autoimmune, demyelination of the CNS (brain, spinal cord, CN I and CN II)
What is the most common cause of non-traumatic disability beginning in young adults?
MS
MS is more common in (males/females)
females 20-40 y/o
(true/false) MS is more prevalent in those who live close to the equator for at least 15 years.
FALSE (less prevalent)
Women who took a ____ supplement (mostly from a multivitamin) reduced their risk of MS by 40% compared to those that didn’t take supplements
vitamin D supplement
What are s/s of MS?
- N/T
- B/B dysfunction
- pain
- decreased balance
- fatigue
- decreased cognition
- heat sensitivity
- visual dysfunction
- weakness
- sexual dysfunction
- spasticity
- ambulatory dysfunction
- depression
What is the most common and most disabling symptom of those with MS?
Fatigue
What is often one of the first impairments for those with MS?
Visual dysfunction (optic neuritis) causing blurriness, decreased vision, and/or diplopia
(true/false) Nystagmus is permanent in those with MS.
FALSE (temporary)
What test was once used to help diagnose MS through testing heat sensitivity?
bath tub test
–> Hyperthermia creates a (usually) temporary worsening of clinical signs present in an estimated 60% to 80% of those with MS.
(true/false) sexual dysfunction has a much larger detrimental impact on the mental health aspects of HrQoL than severity of physical disability.
true
Those with MS are at increased risk for ______ Neuralgia which is a stabbing type of pain on the side of the face.
trigeminal neuralgia
What is a sign that can be observed in some with MS when the neck is flexed and an electrical shock is passed down through the posterior column?
Lhermitte’s sign
(true/false) most MS patients with depression have medication for management of symptoms.
FALSE
(true/false) Brain volume correlates better with cognitive performance than lesion volume.
true
definition: appearance of a new lesion on a second scan, regardless of the timing in relation to the initial scan OR simultaneous presence of asymptomatic gadolinium enhancing and non-enhancing lesions on a single scan
Dissemination in time
definition: at least two T2 lesions present
dissemination in space
What are the 4 classifications of MS?
- clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)
- relapsing-remitting (RRMS)
- Primary progressive (PPMS)
- Secondary progressive (SPMS)
definition: the FIRST episode of neuro symptoms caused by inflammation and demyelination in the CNS. The episode must last for 24 hrs for further testing to determine presence of MS.
clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)
–> If those with CIS have a brain lesion as evidenced by MRI, they have a 60-80% risk for a future diagnosis of MS.
Approximately 80% of those with MS are initially diagnosed with ______ MS yet most eventually convert to secondary progressive.
Relapsing remitting MS
definition: MS that is characterized by a slow progressive course with possible plateaus or small changes in rate but overall, a progression.
primary progressive MS (PPMS)
(true/false) PPMS has early episodes of relapsing and remission
FALSE
What is the second most common type of MS?
Secondary progressive (SPMS)
SPMS patients may have lower levels of inflammatory lesion formation than RRMS that is thought to be due to what possibility?
axonal loss.
