Soc9 Long Term Affects Of Training

Question 1

What are the long term effects of aerobic exercise?

Answer 1

In terms of aerobic exercise, the effects of training will increase the ability to work for long periods of time. For example.

• Improved times for long distance athletes (5,000m, 10,000m, marathon runners etc.),
• Ability to run for 90 minutes during a football game (improve cardiovascular fitness levels).

Question 2

What are the Long Term affects of anaerobic exercise?

Answer 2

In terms of anaerobic exercise, the effects of training will Increase the ability to move In quick bursts. For example…

• Sprinting for the ball in football.
• Making a powerful tackle in a rugby game.
• Improved time over the shorter/ sprint distances In athletics or swimming.

Question 3

What are the long term effects of exercise on the musculo-skeletal system?

Answer 3

• Increased strength of ligaments and tendons.
• Increased bone density - helps prevent osteoporosis (weakening of bones).
• Muscle hypertrophy - the growth and increase of the size of muscle cells.
• Adaptation - the body adapts to training by increasing the ability to cope with those loads.

Question 4

What are the 5 long-term effects of exercise on the heart?

Answer 4

Size and strength of the heart - training increases the heart muscles in size, thickness and strength.

Increased resting stroke volume - stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by your heart per beat. When you exercise regularly, your stroke volume increase, both at rest and at work.

Maximum cardiac output - the amount of blood ejected from your heart in one
minute. Cardiac output (CO) = stroke volume (SV) X heart rate (HR).

Decreased resting heart rate - your heart gets bigger/ stronger with training, so it can supply the same amount of blood with fewer beats.

Faster recovery rate - heart recovery rate is the speed at which your heart returns to RHR after you exercise. The faster your recovery rate, the fitter you are.

Question 5

What are the 3 long-term effects of exercise on the blood?

Answer 5

• Improved fitness increases the number of capillaries in your muscles and helps your blood vessels become more elastic, flexible and efficient.
• Increase the number of red blood cells - These cells cary oxygen to the muscles, so having higher red blood cells count can improve their peformance.
• Drop in resting blood pressure - regular exercise reduces blood pressure due to the muscular wall of the veins and arteries becoming more elastic.

Question 6

What are the long-term effects on the cardio-respiratory system?

Answer 6

Increased lung volume and vital capacity - Your lungs will become more efficient, and they will be better at delivering oxygen to your working muscles, so your body will cope better during exercise.

Question 7

What are the 3 long-term effects of exercise on the lungs?

Answer 7

Increased lung volume and vital capacity

Your lungs will become more efficient, and they will be better at delivering oxygen to your working muscles, so your body will cope better during exercise.

Increased number of alveoli

More alveoli will become available for gaseous exchange after regular exercise, so more oxygen can be absorbed by the capillaries and more carbon dioxide taken from them.

Increased strength of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.

Exercise increases the strength of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles - the muscles that work to increase airflow during physical activity.