Skull anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

how can the bones of the brain be divided? [2] desribe basic roles of each

A

neurocranim: cranial vault: protect brain

visecerocranium: facial skeleton: cavities for sense organs, secure teeth, framework of face

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2
Q

how are flat bones of brain formed? [1]

A

how are flat bones of brain formed? [1]
Intramembranous ossification: the replacement of sheet-like connective tissue membranes with bony tissue.

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

what are the

red
yellow
light green
purple
blue

bones?

A

what are the

red: tempora
yellow: sphenoid
light green: temporal bone
purple: parietal bone
blue: occipital

bones?

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5
Q
A
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6
Q
A
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7
Q

what is A?

why is it clinically significant? [1]

A

Pterion

clinically significant: junction of bones so is a weak spot. behind it closely runs the middle meningial artery. trauma here can damage artery easily

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8
Q

what are fontanelles? [1]

what is their function [2]?

A

what are fontanelles? [1]
wide sutures in new born covered by membrane

function

  • allow bone to expand with growth of brain
  • allow pressure on skull during birth
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9
Q

which fontanelle do you examine when looking at increase in cranial pressure / dehydation of baby? [1]

A

anterior fontanelle

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

which bone houses the middle and internal ear?

parietal
temporal
sphenoidal
lacrimal
ethmoid

A

which bone houses the middle and internal ear?

parietal
temporal
sphenoidal
lacrimal
ethmoid

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12
Q

which part of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing?

squamous
external acoustic meatus
petrous part
mastoid process
styloid process

A

which part of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing?

squamous
external acoustic meatus
petrous part
mastoid process
styloid process

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

which bone is this?

temporal
ethmoid
mandible
maxilla
sphenoid

A

which bone is this?

temporal
ethmoid
mandible
maxilla
​sphenoid

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

which part of the sphenoid does pituitary gland sit it?

anterior clinoid process
greater wing
superior orbital fissure
sella turcicia
posterior clinoid process

A

which part of the sphenoid does pituitary gland sit it?

anterior clinoid process
greater wing
superior orbital fissure
sella turcicia
​posterior clinoid process

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17
Q

what is the green bit? what find in it?

what do you find at the anteiror and posterior ends?

A

sella tucicia - pituitary gland!

anterior clinoid process
posterior clinoid process

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18
Q
A
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19
Q

which of the following is the tentorial notch?

A
B
C
D
E

A

which of the following is the tentorial notch?

A
B
C
D
​E

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20
Q

which of the following is the falx cerebri

A
B
C
D
​E

A

which of the following is the falx cerebri

A
B
C
D
​E

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21
Q

which of the following is the tentorium cerebellum?

A
B
C
D
​E

A

which of the following is the tentorium cerebellum?

A
B
C
D
​E

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22
Q

what are dural venous sinuses? [1]

A

what are dural venous sinuses? [1]
between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater is a network of endothlial lined spaces filled wtih venois blood

23
Q
A
24
Q
A
25
Q

label A-E

A

A: temporal
B: sphenoid
C: ethmoid
D: occipital bone
E: temporal bone

26
Q
A
27
Q

what is

A

ethmoid bone - purple
sphenoid bone - red
zygomatic bone - yellow

28
Q
A
29
Q

which bone is cribiform plate in?

sphenoid
temporal
vomer
ethmoid
palatine

A

which bone is cribiform plate in?

sphenoid
temporal
vomer
ethmoid
palatine

30
Q

maxillary sinus drains into:

  • superior meatus
  • middle meatus
  • inferior meatus
  • ethmoid sinus
  • inferior cochae
A

maxillary sinus drains into:

  • superior meatus
  • *- middle meatus**
  • inferior meatus
  • ethmoid sinus
  • inferior cochae
31
Q

what are A & B?

A

A: ethmoid sinus
B: sphenoid sinus

32
Q
A

A: maxillary sinus
B: middle conchae
C: maxilla
D: frontal bone
E: ethmoid sinus

33
Q
A
37
Q

which bones make up the anterior cranial fossa? [3]
which lobe of brain lies in the anterior cranial fossa? [1]

which bones make up the middle cranial fossa? [3]
which lobe of brain lies in the middle cranial fossa? [2]

which bones make up the posterior cranial fossa? [4]
which lobe of brain lies in the posterior cranial fossa? [1]

A

which bones make up the anterior cranial fossa? [3]
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
which lobe of brain lies in the anterior cranial fossa? [1]
frontal lobe

which bones make up the middle cranial fossa? [3]
sphenoid, temporal and parietal
which lobe of brain lies in the middle cranial fossa? [1]
temporal lobes & pituitaury gland

which bones make up the posterior cranial fossa? [4]
sphenoid, parietal, temporal and occipital
which lobe of brain lies in the posterior cranial fossa? [1]
cerebellum

38
Q

which is the smallest foramen in the brain?

formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum

A
39
Q

damage to the middle meningeal artery at the pterion results in what? [1]

A

damage to the middle meningeal artery at the pterion results in what? [1]
extradural haemotoma

40
Q

which foramen do the dural venous sinuses drain out of and into the internal jugular vein?

formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

A

which foramen do the dural venous sinuses drain out of and into the internal jugular vein?

formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

41
Q

which foramen does the internal carotid artery enter brain?

formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

A

which foramen does the internal carotid artery enter brain?

formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

42
Q

label A-C x

A
43
Q

label the different parts of the internal carotid artery

A
44
Q

which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass over the top of?

formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

A

which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass over the top of?

formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

45
Q
A
46
Q

which CN is this?
which strucutre does it enter the skull through? which bone does this lie in?

A

which CN is this? olfactory nerve

which strucutre does it enter the skull through?
through cribiform plate

which bone does this lie in?
ethmoid bone

47
Q
A
48
Q

which nerves are these? [3] (going down)

which structure do they innervate?

which opening do they all pass through?

A

which nerves are these? [3] (going down)
oculomotor III
trochlea IV
abducens VI

which structure do they innervate?
muscles that surround eye

which opening do they all pass through?
superior orbital fissure

49
Q

which is the largest cranial nerve?

opthamalic
VN
trigeminal
optic
glosspharnyngeal

A

which is the largest cranial nerve?

opthamalic
VN
trigeminal
optic
glosspharnyngeal

50
Q

which nerve is this?
what are three divisions?
what is function? [1]

A

trigeminal nerve

  • opthamalic (V1)
  • maxillary (V2)
  • mandibular (V3)

go on to provide sensory innervation to face

51
Q

which foramen do the followng leave brain the inside of cranium from?

trigeminal nerve

  • opthamalic (V1)
  • maxillary (V2)
  • mandibular (V3)
A

which foramen do the followng leave from?

trigeminal nerve
- opthamalic (V1): superior orbtial fissure
- maxillary (V2): foramen rotundum
- mandibular (V3): foramen ovale

52
Q

the

A
53
Q

which foramen do the followng leave the skull from?

trigeminal nerve

  • opthamalic (V1)
  • maxillary (V2)
  • mandibular (V3)
A

which foramen do the followng leave the skull from?

trigeminal nerve

  • opthamalic (V1): supraorbital foramen
  • maxillary (V2): infraoribal foramen
  • mandibular (V3): mental foramen
54
Q

which foramen does the facial nerve exit the skull via? [1]

what does the facial nerve innervate? [1]

A

which foramen does the facial nerve exit the skull via? [1]
stylomastoid foramen

what does the facial nerve innervate? [1]
motor muscles of facial expression

55
Q

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve leave the skull via which foramen?

formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

A

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve leave the skull via which foramen?

​formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

56
Q

spinal accessory nerves leave the skull via which foramen?

​formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

A

spinal accessory nerves leave the skull via which foramen?

​formen spinosum
carotid canal
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
foreman magnum

57
Q

which muscles does the spinal accessory provide innervation to? [2]

A

which muscles does the spinal accessory provide innervation to? [2]
sternocloidalmastoid
trapezius