BB Histology

Question 1

what is the cytoplasm of the nerve cell body characterised by? [4]

Answer 1

• abundance of free ribosomes: appear as clumps called nissil bodies
• prominent **golgi apparatus

-**
neurotubules & neurofilaments

• large nucleus

Question 2

what is A? [1]

Answer 2

dendritic spine xx

Question 3

what happens to cytoplasmic components in the axon hillock?

Answer 3

appears like there is no cytoplasmic components - its how u know that its the axon and not a dendritic spine !

Question 4

what are the three types of axon junctions? [3]

Answer 4

what are the three types of axon junctions? [3]

• *axoaxonic:** axons - axons
• *axosomatic**: axon - cell body
• *axodentritic**: axon - dendrites

Question 5

what type of staining do you use to demonstrate overall shape of neurons? [1]

Answer 5

silver staining !

Question 6

which PNS cells ensure the rapid conduction of nerve impulses?

oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
satellite cells
schwann cells

Answer 6

which PNS cells ensure the rapid conduction of nerve impulses?

oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
satellite cells
schwann cells

Question 7

what does myelin look like in myelin sheath?

Answer 7

lipid rich layer tha is wrapped around lots of times

Question 8

what are the dots?

what is the light pink?

what is dark pink ?

Answer 8

what are the dots: axons

what is the light pink: myelin

what is dark pink: nuclei of schwan cells

Question 9

label these parts of the schwann cell x

Answer 9

Question 10

whar are the SL pictured here? [1]

what type of cell? [1]

Answer 10

whar are the white lines pictured here? [1]
schmidt-lanterman clefts

what type of cell? [1]
schwann cell

Question 11

what occurs at the nodes of ranvier? [1]

Answer 11

what occurs at the nodes of ranvier? [1]
ions diffuse in & out of neuron: saltatory conduction

Question 12

what is the role of satellite cells? [1]

where do you find? [1]

which type of staining? [1]

what do they look like? [1]

Answer 12

what is the role of satellite cells? [1]
help maintain the envrioment around neuronal body in the ganglion

where do you find? [1]
cells bodies of ganglia

which type of staining? [1]
H&E

what do they look like? [1]
cuboidal cells

Question 13

what is the connective tissue of PNS? [3]

Answer 13

• *perineurium:** CT surrounds a group of nerve fibres. helps to form BBB
• *endoneurium**: collagen fibres secreted by schwann cells
• *epineurium**: outermost tissue. typical dense CT

Question 14

which of the following helps to form BBB?

perineurium:
endosteum
periosteal
endoneurium:
epineurium:

Answer 14

which of the following helps to form BBB?

perineurium
endosteum
periosteal
endoneurium
epineurium

Question 15

which of the following provide physical & metabolic support for the neurons

oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Answer 15

which of the following provide physical & metabolic support for the neurons

oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Question 16

which of the following provide myelin in CNS

oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Answer 16

which of the following provide myelin in CNS
​
oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Question 17

which of the following provide phagocytic properties in CNS
​
oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Answer 17

which of the following provide phagocytic properties in CNS
​
oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Question 18

what is A?

oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Answer 18

what is A?

oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Question 19

astrocytes:

function? [2]
name / types for astrocytes found in white and grey matter? [2]

Answer 19

astrocytes:

function:

• **support & modulate activity of neurons
• **maintain tight junctions of capillaries that form blood brain barrie
• *- buffer K+ conc in the ECF:** modualtes neuronal activity

name / types for astrocytes found in white and grey matter? [2]

• *protoplasmic:** gray matter
• *fibrous:** white matter

Question 20

which of the following form blood brain barrier?

oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Answer 20

which of the following form blood brain barrier?

oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Question 21

what is the difference between myeline sheath in CNS compared to produced in PNS? [4]

Answer 21

• different myelin-specific proteins
• fewer schmidt-lanterman clefts
• no external lamina
• nodes of ranvier larger
• thinner

Question 22

which of the following line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of spinal cord
​
oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Answer 22

which of the following line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of spinal cord
​
oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Question 23

what is B?

oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Answer 23

what is B?

oligodendrocytes
ependymal
astrocytes
microglial
schwann

Question 24

how do you differentiate microglial cells?

Answer 24

elongated nuclei
small
when stained with heavy metals, exhbit short & twisted processes

Question 25

which cell are the arrows pointing to? oligodendrocytes ependymal astrocytes microglial schwann

Answer 25

which cell are the arrows pointing to? oligodendrocytes ependymal astrocytes **microglial** schwann

Question 26

choriod plexi are formed from which cells? oligodendrocytes ependymal astrocytes microglial schwann

Answer 26

choriod plexi are formed from which cells? oligodendrocytes **ependymal** astrocytes microglial schwann

Question 27

which cells are depicted here? oligodendrocytes ependymal astrocytes microglial schwann

Answer 27

which cells are depicted here? oligodendrocytes **ependymal** astrocytes microglial schwann

Question 28

label A-C xx

Answer 28

A: **dura mater** B: **arachoid** C: **pia mater**

Question 29

what is the cellular organisation of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 29

Question 30

how can you tell which is the pyramidal layer in the cerebral cortex? [1] where is the pyramidal layer more developed? [2]

Answer 30

how can you tell which is the pyramidal layer in the cerebral cortex? [1] **larger cell bodies** where is the pyramidal layer more developed? [2] **motor & sensory centres**

Question 31

what is the cellular organisation of the cerebellum? in the cortex [3] in the white matter [1]

Answer 31

- outer hypocellular layer - middle purkinje cell layer - inner / deep hypercellular granular lyaer white matter: - climbing fibres - mossy fibres (axons and supoorting cells)

Question 32

what are the type of cells labelled A found in the cerebellum? [1]

Answer 32

purkinje cells

Question 33

what are the three cellular layers of blood brain barrier? [3]

Answer 33

tigh junctions of the endothelial cells continous endothelial basal lamina (pericytes) end foot processes of astrocytes

Question 34

myelin node of ranvier dendrite schwann cell

Answer 34

myelin **node of ranvier** dendrite ​schwann cell

Question 35

what type of cells are surrounding the cell bodies? satellite astrocytes oligodendrocytes schwann ependymal

Answer 35

what type of cells are surrounding the cell bodies? **satellite** astrocytes oligodendrocytes schwann ependymal

Question 36

what is A & B?

Answer 36

A - perineurium B - endoneurium

Question 37

which of the following is the most common in CNS? oligodendrocytes ependymal astrocytes microglial schwann

Answer 37

which of the following is the most common in CNS? oligodendrocytes ependymal **astrocytes** microglial schwann

Question 38

The cell body of a nerve cells is called the WHAT? [1] Basophilic stained areas in the cytoplasm of nerve cell bodies are known as WHAT bodies. These are accumulations of WHAT, sites of active WHAT synthesis. [2]

Answer 38

The cell body of a nerve cells is called the **perikaryon** [1] Basophilic stained areas in the cytoplasm of nerve cell bodies are known as **nissl** bodies. These are accumulations of **ribosomes**, sites of active **protein** synthesis. [2]

Question 39

which cells are these? satellite astrocytes oligodendrocytes schwann ependymal

Answer 39

which cells are these? satellite astrocytes **oligodendrocytes: Oligodendrocyte nuclei ON can be seen as rounded red-stained profiles.** schwann ependymal

Question 40

what cell type is seen in the background / blue? satellite astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglial ependymal

Answer 40

what cell type is seen in the background / blue? satellite astrocytes **oligodendrocytes** microglial ependymal

Question 41

which cell does the pink arrow point to? (and the other dark cells) satellite astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglial ependymal

Answer 41

which cell does the pink arrow point to? (and the other dark cells) satellite astrocytes oligodendrocytes **microglial** ependymal

Question 42

what type of cell is highlighted here? satellite astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglial ependymal

Answer 42

what type of cell is highlighted here? satellite **astrocytes: adjacent to loads of nerves** oligodendrocytes microglial ependymal

Question 43

what type of cell is highlighted here? satellite astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglial ependymal

Answer 43

what type of cell is highlighted here? satellite **astrocytes** oligodendrocytes microglial ependymal

Question 44

which cells form the top layer here? satellite astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglial ependymal

Answer 44

which cells form the top layer here? ​ satellite astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglial **ependymal**

Question 45

label A, B & C x

Answer 45

A: dura mater B: arachnoid C: pia mater

Question 46

what type of cell is highlighted here? satellite astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglial ependymal

Answer 46

what type of cell is highlighted here? satellite astrocytes oligodendrocytes microglial **ependymal**

Question 47

label A-C x

Answer 47

A: gracile funiculus B: cuneate funiculus C: medial leminiscus

Question 48

which cell is highlighted here?

Answer 48

**purkinje cells of cerebellum**

Question 49

label this (found in the cerebellum)

Answer 49

A: **purkinje layer** B: **molecular layer (outer)** C: **granular layer (inner)**

Question 51

which of the following triggers cell mediated immunity? NK cells CD4+ TH1 dendritic cells CD4+ TH2 CD4+ Th0

Answer 51

which of the following triggers cell mediated immunity? NK cells **CD4+ TH1: produces TNF-a and IFN-y which triggers cell mediated immunity** dendritic cells CD4+ TH2 CD4+ Th0

Question 52

which of the following triggers humoral immunity? NK cells CD4+ TH1 dendritic cells CD4+ TH2 CD4+ Th0

Answer 52

which of the following triggers humoral immunity? NK cells CD4+ TH1 dendritic cells **CD4+ TH2** CD4+ Th0

Question 53

which of the following activates macrophages? NK cells CD4+ TH1 dendritic cells CD4+ TH2 CD4+ Th0

Answer 53

which of the following activates macrophages? NK cells **CD4+ TH1** dendritic cells CD4+ TH2 CD4+ Th0

Question 54

which of the following is the step of cytokines making blood vessels more sticky when inflammation initially occurs? rolling & activation tethering diapedesis & migraton arrest expansion

Answer 54

which of the following is the step of cytokines making blood vessels more sticky when inflammation initially occurs? rolling & activation **tethering** diapedesis & migraton arrest ​expansion