Brainstem and CN nerve Part 1 Flashcards
functions of the brainstem? [3]
- conduit: spinal tracts go through it
- CN functions: sensory input & motor output of head, & parasymp output, special sense & reflexs come out via
- *- integrative centres in the brainstem:
i) **reticuloformation
ii) sesnsorimotor integration
where does the brainstem start?
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
which structure does it start before? [1]
where does the brainstem start?
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
which structure does it start before? [1]
foramen magnun
* what is the general rule with where motor nuclei are? and sensory nuclei are? *
motor nuclei / tracts: move medially
sensory nuclei / tracts: more laterally
1what is the dorso-ventral organisation of the brainstem?
- dorsal part = ? [1]
- middle part = ? [2]
- ventral part = ? [1]
2. why are the conduit functions of the brainstem important? [2]
what is the dorso-ventral organisation of the brainstem?
- dorsal part = sensory
- middle part = ascending pathways & reticular formation
- ventral part = descending motor pthways
- why are the conduit functions of the brainstem important? [2]
- allow integration at subconcious, reflexive levels by connectivity with brainstem
which of the following is really spread out in the midbrain?
Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus
Spinocerebellar
Cortiocospinal
Spinothalamic
which of the following is really spread out in the midbrain?
Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus
Spinocerebellar
Cortiocospinal
Spinothalamic
which part of the brainstem in this?
- midbrain
- pons
- open medulla
- closed medulla
which part of the brainstem in this?
- midbrain
- pons
- open medulla
- *- closed medulla**
which part of the brainstem in this?
- midbrain
- pons
- open medulla
- closed medulla
which part of the brainstem in this?
- midbrain
- pons
- open medulla
- closed medulla
which part of the brainstem in this?
- midbrain
- pons
- open medulla
- closed medulla
which part of the brainstem in this?
- midbrain
- pons
- *- open medulla**
- closed medulla
label A-E of the midbrain XX
A: pineal gland
B: superior colliculi
C: inferior colliculi
D: cerbral peduncles
E: oculomotor nerve
which of the following regulates circadian rthym?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following regulates circadian rthym?
A
B
C
D
E
midbrain:
what is role of:
- superior colliculi [1]
- inferior colliculi [1]
- cerebral peduncles [1]
- pineal gland
midbrain:
what is role of:
- superior colliculi [1]
- *eye movements and visual processing**
- inferior colliculi [1]
- *auditory processing**
- cerebral peduncles [1]
- *contains tracts descending from thalamus (CST & CBT)**
which part of the brainstem in this?
- midbrain
- pons
- open medulla
- closed medulla
which part of the brainstem in this?
- midbrain
- pons
- *- open medulla**
- closed medulla
which of the following has the corticospinal tracts in ?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following has the corticospinal tracts in ?
A
B
C
D: cerebral peduncles
E
which of the following is involved in eye movements and visual processing?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following is involved in eye movements and visual processing?
A
B: superior colliculi
C
D
E
which of the following regulates circadian rthym?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following regulates circadian rthym?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following is involved in auditory processing?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following regulates circadian rthym?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following is involved in startle reflex?
- superior colliculi
- inferior colliculi
- cerebral peduncles
- pineal gland
which of the following is involved in startle reflex?
- superior colliculi
- inferior colliculi : integrate sound with look to see whats causing that sound - cerebral peduncles
- pineal gland
which level of the brainstaim did you find cerebral aquaduct?
midbrain
medulla
thalamus
pons
corpus callosum
which level of the brainstaim did you find cerebral aquaduct?
midbrain
medulla
thalamus
pons
corpus callosum
which CN do u find in the midbrain? [2]
which are their functions? [2]
which CN do u find in the midbrain? [2]
oculomotor nerve (CNIII): controls eyelid and eyemovents [1]; parasym to pupil & lens [1]
trochlear nerve (CN IV): eye movement
cerebellum sits posteriorly to:
midbrain
medulla
thalamus
pons
corpus callosum
cerebellum sits posteriorly to:
midbrain
medulla
thalamus
pons
corpus callosum
what is main role of pons? [1]
which CNs originate from pons? [4]
what is main role of pons? [1]
asecending and descending tracts pass through;
connects with cerebellum
which CNs originate from pons? [4]
trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulochoclear (CN VIII)
which of the following provides parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland?
trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulochoclear (CN VIII)
which of the following provides parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal gland?
trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulochoclear (CN VIII)
medulla role:
- contains which nucleus? [1] function? [1]
- contains which CN? [4]
medulla role:
- contains which nucleus: nucleus of solitary tract - blood flow info & info about 02 and c02 lvls
- contains which CN? [4]
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
vagus nerve (CN X)
spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
which of the following provides innervation to the parotid gland/
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) vagus nerve (CN X) spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
which of the following provides innervation to the parotid gland/
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
vagus nerve (CN X)
spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
which structure connects the cerebellum to the brainstem? [1]
which structure connects the cerebellum to the brainstem? [1]
cerebral penduncles
*** know this ***
which CN are pure sensory nerves? [3]
which CN are pure motor nerves? [5]
which CN are mixed motor and sensory? [4]
*** know this ***
which CN are pure sensory nerves? [3]
olfactory nerve (CN I)
optic nerve (CN II)
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
which CN are pure motor nerves? [5]
oculomotor nerve - CN III)
trochlear nerve - CN IV
spinal accessory nerve - CN XI
hypoglossal nerve - CN XII
abducens nerve - CN VI
which CN are mixed motor and sensory? [4]
trigeminal
facial
glosso
VN
Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more
S: sensory (olfactory nerve - CN I)
S: sensory (optic nerve - CN II)
M: motor (oculomotor nerve - CN III)
M: motor (trochlear nerve - CN IV)
B: both (trigeminal nerve - CN V)
M: motor (abducens nerve - CN VI)
B: both (facial nerve - CN VII)
S: sensory (vestibulocochlear nerve - CN VIII)
B: both (glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX)
B: both (vagus nerve - CN X)
M: motor (spinal accessory nerve - CN XI)
M: motor (hypoglossal nerve - CN XII)
where on
where do the nuclei tend to be of CN? [1]
in the middle / medial -> outwards
motor nerves (M4M) (purple)
motor nuclei of mixed nerves
parasympathetic nerves
sensory
where do the nuclei tend to be of CN? [1]
nuclei tend to be in region where CN enters / exit
which CN spans all of the brainstem? [1]
which CN spans all of the brainstem? [1]
facial nerve!!
explain the pupillary light reflex x
- what is the afferent CN?
- what is the efferent CN?
explain the pupillary light reflex x
- what is the afferent CN: CN II
- what is the efferent CN: CN III
- light shines in (through retina)
- splits at optic chiasm to L&R
- goes to Endinger-Westphal nucleus (part of III)
- CN III –> cillary ganglion: closes iris
both pupils constrict !!
where are the lesions?
Lesion 1:
Lesion 2:
where are the lesions?
Lesion 1: Right CN II
Lesion 2: **Right CN III
if things are same = CN II lesion (afferent is ruined)
if things are different = CN III lesions (efferent ruiend)**
how do u test the accomodatin reflex?
which CN nerves testing? [2]
which rectus muscle are you testing?
what 3 reactions are u testing? [3]
what is the accomodation reflex?
ask to focus on something far away, and pull closer
which CN nerves testing? [2]
CN II & III
testing 3 reactions:
constriction of pupils
thickening of lens (cilliary muscle constriction)
convergenece of eye balls ( CNIII:movement of eyeballs -medial rectus muscle !!)
Dolls eye reflex:
Afferent CN? [1]
Efferent CNs? [3]
how do u test? what is a normal reflex and abnormal reflex?
Dolls eye reflex:
Afferent CN? [1]: CN VIII
Efferent CNs? [3] CN III, CN IV, CN VI
- tested by turning head side to side
- normal reflex: head moves to right, eyes move left
- abnormal refelx: head moves to right, eyes follow
what structure connexts the cranial nerve nuclei controlling eye movement and the vestibular nuclei? [1]
medial longitudinal fasiculus:
CN III, IV and VI
Blink reflex:
afferent CN?
efferent CN?
Blink reflex:
afferent CN: trigeminal - V1
(but also bright light (CN II & loud noise CN VIII))
efferent CN: CN VII - acts on orbicularis occuli muscle to close
gag reflex:
afferent CN?
efferent CN?
gag reflex:
afferent CN: CN IX
efferent CN: CN X
