Neuropharmacology Flashcards
which part of the brain is affected by parkinsons? [1]
what do they have a deficit in? [1]
which part of the brain is affected by parkinsons? [1]
substantia nigra: produces dopamine (get a dopamine deficit)
what type of NT is dopamine? [1]
what type of NT is dopamine? [1]
monamine
what are potential treatment options for parkinson? [2]
why are they problematic? [2]
what are potential treatment options for parkinson? [2]
provide deficient dopamine
provide precursor L-Dopa
why are they problematic? [2]
dopamine cannot reach the brain !! :(
L-Dopa gets converted to dopamine outside of the brain ( also triggers vomiting lol)
what are two ways could treat / target parkinsons?
provide L-Dopa, but combine a peripheral inhibitor of the enzyme (L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase) which doesnt have access to the brain: therefore L-Dopa is converted into dopamine only in the brain
OR
stimulate dopamine receptors with dopamine receptor agonists
what causes schizophrenia? [1]
what do schizophrenia drugs target? [1]
what is a problem with them? [1]
what causes schizophrenia? [1]
increased release of dopamine (hyperactivtity in the ventral striatum)
what do schizophrenia drugs target?
dopamine receptors: drugs are dopamine receptor antagonists
what is a problem with them? [1]
not very specific - causes AES
what can be adverse of antipyschotic drugs? (anti-schizophrenia) [4]
extrapyramdal effects (e.g. parkisnons):
- rise in prolactin: breast enlargement & weight gain
- allergic and toxic reactions
- postural hypotension
- anticholinergic effects (dry mouth)
all a consequence of the lack of specifity
depression is caused by a lack of ? [2]
what is treatment goal for treating depression?
depression is caused by a lack of ? [2]
serotonin & noradrenaline
what is treatment goal for treating depression?
inhibitors of transport / reuptake of monoamines
tricyclic are antidepressants that inhibit the reuptake of monoamines such as serotonin & noradrelanie.
However, they also cause AEs. What & Why?
- have an affinity of binding to histamine H1 r, musc. cholinergic Rs, alpha 1 & 2 adrenoreceptors:
a) dry mouth, loss of libido, blurred vision, constipation, weight gain, postural hypotension
also many patients dont like them !!
why might someone be resistant to antidepressant treatment ? [1]
genetic variations in drug transporters: e.g. ABCB1
why is treating addiction tricky? [3]
is it a single or multi target? [1]
drug treatments need to treat withdrawal of drugs of abuse too (but really hard!)
addiction changes the brain;
if multiple drugs of abuse = multiple changes to brain
is it a single or multi target? [1]
multi!
which of the following inhibits uptake of monoamines?
ketamine
cocaine
heroin
nicotine
ecstasy
which of the following inhibits uptake of monoamines?
ketamine
cocaine
heroin
nicotine
ecstasy
which of the following increases release of monoamines?
ketamine
cocaine
heroin
nicotine
ecstasy
which of the following increases release of monoamines?
ketamine
cocaine
heroin
nicotine
ecstasy
how can you treat:
heroin? [1]
cocaine? [1]
nicotine? [1]
alchohol [1]
how can you treat:
heroin? [1]
methadone (sub)
cocaine? [1]
cant really - antibodies agaisnt cocain in the future
nicotine? [1]
nicotine replacment
alchohol [1]
disulifiram (makes u nauseaus after alchohol consumption)
what does the effectiveness of treating neurological pathologies depend on? [1]
how is this achieved/ [1]
what does the effectiveness of treating neurological pathologies depend on? [1]
needs to pass BBB
how is this achieved? [1]
drug solubility in lipids - essential for crossing membranes
