HYPOTHALAMUS & PITUITARY GLAND Flashcards
which of the following lies either side of the thalamus?
- third ventricle
- fourth ventricle
- midbrain
- corpus callosum
- lateral ventricles
which of the following lies either side of the thalamus?
- *- third ventricles**
- fourth ventricle
- midbrain
- corpus callosum
- lateral ventricles
which structure is outlined in green?
- third ventricle
- fourth ventricle
- thalamus
- corpus callosum
- lateral ventricles
which structure is outlined in green?
- third ventricle
- fourth ventricle
- thalamus
- corpus callosum
- lateral ventricles
what is A? [1]
- pineal gland
which bone does the pituitary gland sit in ?
- temporal
- zygomatic
- sphenoid
- frontal
- vomer
which bone does the pituitary gland sit in ?
- temporal
- zygomatic
- *- sphenoid**
- frontal
- vomer
label A-C
A: thalamus
B: hypothalamus
C: pituitary gland
which of the following is the hypothalamus?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following is the hypothalamus?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following is the lateral ventricle?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following is the lateral ventricle?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following is the third ventricle?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following is the third ventricle?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following is the interventricular foramen?
A
B
C
D
E
which of the following is the interventricular foramen?
A
B
C
D
E
which nuclei in the hypothalamus do u need to know? [2]
which nuclei in the hypothalamus do u need to know? [2]
paraventricular nucleus
supraoptic nucleus
how is the pituitary split up? [2]
what is the name of the structure that the pituitary sits in? [1]
what is the pituitary stalk aka? [1]
how is the pituitary split up? [2]
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
what is the name of the structure that the pituitary sits in? [1]
sella turcica
what is the pituitary stalk aka? [1]
infundibulum
what is the difference in anterior and posterior pituitary development? [1]
what are the two kinds out outputs to the pituitary from the hypothalamus? [2]
what is the difference in anterior and posterior pituitary development? [1]
posterior pit = direct outgrowth of brain (specifically the hypothalamus)
anterior pit = indirect growth: develops from ectoderm in roof of mouth & migrates up
what are the two kinds out outputs to the pituitary from the hypothalamus? [2]
posterior pit = direct
anterior pit = indirect via a capillary plexus in the stalk of the anterior pit
which part of the pituitary gland do the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei project into? [1]
what occurs here? [1]
where do the other hypothalamic nuclei release their peptides? [1]
which part of the pituitary gland do the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei project into? [1]
project into the posterior lobe
what occurs here? [1]
release peptides into the capillaries in the posterior pit
where do the other hypothalamic nuclei release their peptides? [1]
capillary plexus in the neck of the pit. stalk
technically, how do you classify:
a) anterior pituitary [1]
b) posterior pituitary [1]
technically, how do you classify:
a) anterior pituitary: endocrine gland
b) posterior pituitary: part of the brain
what is A?
Sella turcica
what is A? [1]
what type of structure is this? [1]
cavernous sinuses: venous sinus.
which structure passes through the centre of the cavernous sinuses? [1]
which CNs pass through the lateral walls of the cavernous sinuses? [3]
which structure passes through the centre of the cavernous sinuses? [1]
carotid artery
which CNs pass through the lateral walls of the cavernous sinuses? [3]
**CN III, IV & VI and V1 and V2 of V
optic nerve does not though !!**
how are anterior pit hormones released? [3]
hypothalamic neurosecretory cells release releasing hormones into capillaries
releasing hormones pass down shortal portal vein to anterior pituitary capillaries
this causes the stimulation of hormones from anterior pit cells
describe the mechanism of HPA axis (hypothalamus-pit-adrenal axis)
describe the mechanism of HPA axis (hypothalamus-pit-adrenal axis):
- Cells in hypothalamus release CRH (Corticotropin releasing hormone)
- CRH acts on anterior pit to releease ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
- ACTH acts on adrenal cortex to release cortisol
- *BUT: negative feedback system:**
- cortisol inhbits release of above
MESS:
- how do supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei release peptides in circulation? [1]
- how does hypothalamic cell bodies from anterior lobe release peptides into circulation? [1]
•Posterior lobe: Hypothalamic cell bodies in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei have axons that project down the pituitary stalk to the posterior lobe of the pituitary. They release peptides into the capillaries in the posterior pituitary which circulate in the blood to other organs
•Anterior lobe: Hypothalamic cell bodies have shorter axons that release peptides on to the capillary plexus in the neck of the pituitary stalk
