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BB > Neuroimaging Techniques > Flashcards

Neuroimaging Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

which area of the brain contains most of the dopamine neurons in the brain?

cerebellum
temporal
midbrain
occipital
frontal

A

which area of the brain contains most of the dopamine neurons in the brain?

cerebellum
temporal
midbrain
occipital
​frontal

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2
Q

which area of the brain contains the primary motor cortex?

cerebellum
temporal
midbrain
occipital
​frontal

A

which area of the brain contains the primary motor cortex?

cerebellum
temporal
midbrain
occipital
​frontal

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3
Q

which part of the brain does the corticospianl tract start in ?

cerebellum
temporal
midbrain
occipital
​frontal

A

which part of the brain does the corticospianl tract start in ?
​
cerebellum
temporal
midbrain
occipital
​frontal

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4
Q

what are the 3 components of the motor cortex? [3]

A

what are the 3 components of the motor cortex? [3]
primary motor cortex
premotor cortex
supplementary motor area

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5
Q

which part of brain integrates sensory information?

cerebellum
temporal
midbrain
parietal
occipital

A

which part of brain integrates sensory information?

cerebellum
temporal
midbrain
pariteal
occipital

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6
Q

where exactly is the primary somatosensory cortex found in the parietal lobe? [1]

which tracts does the primary somatosensory cortex mainly recieve input from? [2]

A

where exactly is the primary somatosensory cortex found in the parietal lobe? [1]
postcentral gyrus

which tracts does the primary somatosensory cortex mainly recieve input from? [2]
DCML
Spinothalamic

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7
Q

which part of the brain is involved in processing sensory input in terms of forming memory and is integral in language recognition

cerebellum
temporal
midbrain
occipital
frontal

A

which part of the brain is involved in processing sensory input in terms of forming memory and is integral in language recognition

cerebellum
temporal
midbrain
occipital
frontal

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8
Q

what is the role of the basal ganglia? [3]

A

involved with voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, habit learning, eye movements & cognition and emotion

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9
Q

what do each of the brain ventricles contain? [1]

A

what do each of the brain ventricles contain? [1]
choroid plexus: produces CSF

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10
Q

which plane of imagine is this?

sagittal
coronal
axial

A

which plane of imagine is this?

sagittal
coronal
​axial

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11
Q

what would you use skull XR? [1]

A

what would you use skull XR? [1]
**depressed skull fracture

VERY RARELY USED**

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12
Q

why is CT the standard for brain scans? [3]

what is bad about CT scans? [1]

A

why is CT the standard for brain scans? [3]
soft issue images
bone images
reasonable info on perfusion of structures

what is bad about CT scans? [1]
radiation exposure !!

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

what do the following assess? [4]

plain CT head
CT angiography
CT perfusion
CT venogram

A

what do the following assess? [4]

plain CT head: trauma / or blood
CT angiography: arterial supply
CT perfusion: localised areas that are under perfused
CT venogram: major venous structures

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15
Q

what is an extradural haemorrhage blood between/? [2]

A

what is an extradural haemorrhage blood between/? [2]
dura mater and skull !

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

which of the following would you use to assess subdural haemorrhage?

CT venogram
plain CT head
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

A

which of the following would you use to assess subdural haemorrhage?

CT venogram
plain CT head
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

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18
Q

which of the following would you use to assess extradural haemorrhage?

CT venogram
plain CT head
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

A

which of the following would you use to assess extradural haemorrhage?

CT venogram
plain CT head
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

19
Q

what is an intraparenchymal haemorrage bleeding between? [1]

what is intraventricular haem bleediing within? [1]

A

what is an intraparenchymal haemorrage bleeding between? [1]
bleeding within the brain parenchyma

what is intraventricular haem bleediing within? [1]
with the ventricles

20
Q

where does blood usually pool in the brain? [1]
why? [1]

A

where does blood usually pool in the brain? [1]
occipital horn of the ventricular system
why? [1]
blood is more dense that CSF

21
Q

which structures in the brain does CT angiography specifically visualise? [2]

apart from looking at ischaemic stroke, what can CT angiography be used for? [1]

A

which structures in the brain does CT angiography specifically visualise? [2]
carotid arteries (External & internal)
circle of willis

apart from looking at ischaemic stroke, what can CT angiography be used for? [1]
aneurysms

22
Q

which of the following would be used to detect aneurysms?

CT venogram
plain CT head
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

A

which of the following would be used to detect aneurysms?

CT venogram
plain CT head
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

23
Q

which of the following would you use to differentiate between salvgeable ischameic brain from infarcted brain?

CT venogram
plain CT head
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

A

which of the following would you use to differentiate between salvgeable ischameic brain from infarcted brain?

CT venogram
plain CT head
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

24
Q

which type of imaging is this?

CT venogram
PET scan
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

A

which type of imaging is this?

CT venogram
PET scan
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

25
Q

ad / dis of CT?

A
26
Q

which patients require special attention for MRI scan? [2]

A
  • those with pacemakers (turn off!)
  • those with metal implants not safe for MRI
27
Q

what type of imaging is this?

CT venogram
PET scan
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

A

what type of imaging is this?

CT venogram
PET scan
CT angiography
CT perfusion
MRI

28
Q

which type of MRI is best for anatomoical images of the brain?

T1
T2

which type of MRI is best for pathology?

T1
T2

A

which type of MRI is best for anatomoical images of the brain?

T1
T2

which type of MRI is best for pathology?

T1
T2

29
Q

what does fat, muscle and fluid look in T1 & T2 imaging?

A

T1:

  • fluid: black
  • muscle: grey
  • fat: white

T2:

  • fluid: white
  • muscle: grey
  • fat: white
30
Q

what can be used as T1 MRI contrast agent? [1]

A

what can be used as T1 MRI contrast agent? [1]
gadolinium

31
Q
A
32
Q

in which if the folllowing is grey matter in the brain grey and white matter is dark?

CT
MRI T2
PET
Ultrasound
MRI T1

A

in which if the folllowing is grey matter in the brain grey and white matter is dark?

CT
MRI T2
PET
Ultrasound
MRI T1

33
Q

in which if the folllowing is grey matter in the brain grey and white matter is white?

CT
MRI T2
PET
Ultrasound
MRI T1

A

in which if the folllowing is grey matter in the brain grey and white matter is white?

CT
MRI T2
PET
Ultrasound
MRI T1

34
Q

what type of imaging is this?

CT
MRI T2
PET
Ultrasound
MRI T1

A

what type of imaging is this?

CT
MRI T2
PET
Ultrasound
MRI T1

35
Q

what type of imaging is this?

CT
MRI T2
PET
Ultrasound
MRI T1

A

what type of imaging is this?

CT
MRI T2
PET
Ultrasound
MRI T1

36
Q
A
37
Q

what is MRI fat supression? [1]

is it use for t1 or t2?

A
  • signal suppressed from adipose tissues: increases contrast in areas where more likely to have pathology
  • both T1 & T2
38
Q

which type of MRI imagining would you use to detect changes at the edge of hemispheres / near to CSF?

T1 MRI
T2 MRI
Fat supression
Fluid attenutation
diffusion weighted imaging

A

which type of MRI imagining would you use to detect changes at the edge of hemispheres / near to CSF?

T1 MRI
T2 MRI
Fat supression
Fluid attenutation: removes the signal from CSF
diffusion weighted imaging

39
Q

which MRI technique is used in acture isachaemic stroke as it visualises dying cells?

T1 MRI
T2 MRI
Fat supression
Fluid attenutation
diffusion weighted imaging

A

which MRI technique is used in acture isachaemic stroke as it visualises dying cells?

T1 MRI
T2 MRI
Fat supression
Fluid attenutation
diffusion weighted imaging: measures diffusion of water molecules. dying cells have resritcted water diffusion

40
Q

what is MRI tractography?

A

maps the white matter tracts in the brain - role in preop neurological planning

41
Q
A
42
Q
A
43
Q

what is functional MRI ? and used for?

what is MRI spectroscopy ? and used for?

A

what is functional MRI ? and used for?
MRI when conduction a task

what is MRI spectroscopy ? and used for?
characterisation of soft tissue lesions

44
Q

out of MRI and CT, which would be used first for acute trauma, stroke and blood?

A

CT

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