Organisation of the spinal cord Flashcards
Label A, B, C & D
A = epidural space B = subdural space C = subarachnoid space D = dorsal root ganglion
what is epidural space?
fat filled space, surrounding the dura mater & within vertebral canal
which space do you take lumbar puncture from? [1]
which space do you take an epidural from? [1]
which space do you take lumbar puncture from? [1]
subarachnoid - take CSF
which space do you take an epidural from? [1]
epidural
which of the following would do you take an epidural from? [1]
A
B
C
D
which of the following would do you take an epidural from? [1]
A
B
C
D
which of the following would do you take an lumbar puncture from from? [1]
A
B
C
D
which of the following would do you take an lumbar puncture from from? [1]
A
B
C
D
which of the following is a sensory neuron?
which of the following is a motor neuron?
which of the following is a sensory neuron?
B
which of the following is a motor neuron?
A
label x
which part of the spinal cord is only seen at the thoraco / lumbar level?
posterior horn of grey
lateral horn of grey
posterior funiculus
lateral funiculus
anterior horn of grey
which part of the spinal cord is only seen at the thoraco / lumbar level?
posterior horn of grey
lateral horn of grey
posterior funiculus
lateral funiculus
anterior horn of grey
describe path of sensory -> motor neuron in spinal cord?
sensory neurons enter via posterior horn
often an interneuron occurs between sensory and motor neuron
motor axon projects anteriorly via anterior horn
where do you find sensory neuron cell body? [1]
where do you find sensory neuron cell body? [1]
dorsal root ganglion: OUTSIDE SPINAL CORD
how many spinal nerves are there? [1]
what is the breakdown for:
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
how many spinal nerves are there? [1]
31
what is the breakdown for:
cervical: 8
thoracic: 12
lumbar: 5
sacral: 5
coccygeal: 1
how do you name cervical nerves? [1]
how do you name all other spinal nerves? [1]
how do you name cervical nerves? [1]
according to vert. below
how do you name all other spinal nerves? [1]
accoridng to vert above
where do you find enlargements of spinal cord? [2]
what is conus medularis? [1]
what level is conus medularis? [1]
what level is cauda equina? [1]
what is centre of cauda equina? [1]
where do you find enlargements of spinal cord? [2]
cervical englargement
lumbosacral englargement
(nerves going to limbs)
what is conus medularis? [1]
is the tapered, lower end of the spinal cord.
what level is conus medularis? [1]
L1/L2
what level is cauda equina? [1]
The cauda equina is the sack of nerve roots (nerves that leave the spinal cord between spaces in the bones of the spine to connect to other parts of the body) at the lower end of the spinal cord
what is centre of cauda equina? [1]
l2/l3
why is the spinal cord shorter than vert column?
bone grows faster than nervous tissue - means that vert column is longer than spinal cord
how does proportion of white and grey matter vary along spinal cord?
@ cervival, thoracic, lumbar and sacral areas?
whats special @ thoracic? [1]
how does proportion of white and grey matter vary along spinal cord?
@ cervival, thoracic, lumbar and sacral areas?
@ top = more white matter, and larger vental and dorsal horns
@ bottom = less white matter, predom grey
whats special @ thoracic? [1]
lateral horn of grey - cell bodies of SNS
what are A-E?
A: C4
B: C5
C: V1
D: T10
E: T3
where does spinal cord get its blood supply from? [4]
what reinforces the spinal cord with more o2 blood? [1]
where does spinal cord get its blood supply from? [3]
verterbral artery –> basilar artery -> anterior and posterior spinal arteries
what reinforces the spinal cord with more o2 blood? [1]
radiculospinal artery
A: arachnoid matter
B: ventral / anterior horn
C: Dorsal root ganglion
D: anterior spinal artery
what is the spinothalamic tract? (where does it run from / to?; what type of innvervation?; what innervate)
what is the spinothalamic tract? (where does it run from / to?; what type of innvervation?; what innervate)
- *spinal cord -> thalamus
sensory: crude touch, pain and temp**
describe the path from sensing crude touch to primary somatosensory cortex x
- first order neuron transmits along spinal nerve via dorsal root into spinal cord
- here, first order neuron synpases with second order neuron in dorsal horn of grey
- this decussates to reach contralateral spinothalamic tract
- second order neuron travels up the spinothalamic tract to the thalamus
- at thalamus, second order neuron synapses with third order neuron, which then tranvels to primary somatosensory cortex
which spinal tract transmits sensations of vibration, proprioception and discriminative touch?
describe pathway
which spinal tract transmits sensations of vibration, proprioception and discriminative touch?
dorsal column medial lemniscus
describe pathway to brain
- sensory input: primary sensory neuron enters at dorsal root.
- here, doesnt synapse but travels into dorsal columns of spinal cord (Lower body / limb: fasiculus gracilis, upper body / limb: fasiculus cuneatus) and ascends to the medulla
- at medilla, primary sensory neuron synapses and dessucates and travels in medial lemnicus to reach thalamus
- at thalamus, the second order neuron synapses with third order neuron
third order neuron travels to primary somatosenory cortec
how does path of dorsal column medial lemniscus differ if sensory input is from hand / foot? [2]
how does path of dorsal column medial lemniscus differ if sensory input is from hand / foot? [2]
- *differ on which part of the dorsal column medial lemniscus they travel up:**
- Lower body / limb: fasiculus gracilis - more medial
- upper body / limb: fasiculus cuneatus - more lateral
why does the spinocerebellar tract not have to dessucate in spinal cord? [1]
why does the spinocerebellar tract not have to dessucate in spinal cord? [1]
cerebellum works ipsolaterlly - right side controls right side of body (whereas the other spinal tracts dessucate bc the right side controls left side)
describe pathway of spinocerebllar tract to cerebellum
- first order neuron transmits sensation along the spinal nerve and travels via dorsal root in the spinal cord
- in spinal cord the first order neuron synapses in dorsal horn of grey
- second order neuron enters ipsilateral spinocerebellar tract and ascends to cerebellum
label these asending sensory spinal tracts
which of the following transmits motor signals?
spinothalamic tract
dorsal column medial lemniscus tract
corticospinal tract
spinocerebllar tract
which of the following transmits motor signals?
spinothalamic tract
dorsal column medial lemniscus tract
corticospinal tract
spinocerebllar tract
describe pathway of corticospinal tract xox
first order neuron has cell body in primary motor cortex. axon projects along internal capsule to reach brainstem
first order neurons run anteriorly in the braintem and enter medullary pyramids
in the pyramids, majority of the fibres desccusaate and enter corticospinal tract
first order neurons descend in the corticospinal tract to level of innervation and enter ventral horn of grey and sypanase with second order neurons
second order neurons travel out of spinal cord via ventral root and into skeletal muscle
what is the difference between complete and incomplete spinal injury? [2]
what is the difference between complete and incomplete spinal injury? [2]
complete: results in complete loss of sensory and motor information below level of the lesion
incomplete: when spinal cord is compressed or injured, but the brains ability to send signals below the site of injury is not completely removed. pattern varies depending on which level occurs at.
what are A & B?
a = central cord
b = brown-sequard syndrome
what are spinal cord tract injurys characterised by? [3]
what are brown-sequard tract injury characterised by? [2]
what are spinal cord tract injurys characterised by?
upper limb weakness, sensory loss below lvl of injury.
upper extremities more effected than lower
motor more effected than sensory
what are brown-sequard tract injury characterised by?
- *paralysis and loss of proprioception / vibration / discriminative touch on ipsilateral side as injury**
- *loss of pain and temp sensation on opposte side !**
temperature !
