BB Anatomy 1b

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

which spinal tract is the descending spinal tract?

spinocerebellar
spinothalamic
gracile fasciculus
cuneate fasciculus
corticospinal

Answer 2

which spinal tract is the descending spinal tract?

spinocerebellar
spinothalamic
gracile fasciculus
cuneate fasciculus
corticospinal

Question 3

which spinal tract carries sensory nerves for light touch, consious proprioception and vibration?

spinocerebellar
spinothalamic
gracile fasciculus
cuneate fasciculus
corticospinal

Answer 3

which spinal tract carries sensory nerves for light touch, consious proprioception and vibration?

spinocerebellar
spinothalamic
gracile fasciculus
cuneate fasciculus
corticospinal

Question 4

which spinal tract carries sensory nerves for unconcious proprioception?

spinocerebellar
spinothalamic
gracile fasciculus
cuneate fasciculus
corticospinal

Answer 4

which spinal tract carries sensory nerves for unconcious proprioception?

spinocerebellar
spinothalamic
gracile fasciculus
cuneate fasciculus
corticospinal

Question 5

which spinal tract carries sensory nerves for crude touch, pain and temp?

spinocerebellar
spinothalamic
gracile fasciculus
cuneate fasciculus
corticospinal

Answer 5

which spinal tract carries sensory nerves for crude touch, pain and temp?

spinocerebellar
spinothalamic
gracile fasciculus
cuneate fasciculus
corticospinal

Question 6

which spinal tract carries sensory nerves for crude touch, pain and temp?

spinocerebellar
spinothalamic
gracile fasciculus
cuneate fasciculus
corticospinal

Question 7

give overview of corticospinal tract pathway xx

Answer 7

• primary motor cortex on l/r signal: upper motor neuron travels in brain to medulla where it decussates
• goes down lateral corticospinal tract, synapses at ventral horn.
• here = becomes lower motor neuron. leaves spinal cord to innervate muscle motor

Question 8

describe DCML pathway

Answer 8

mechanoreceptor detects & enters spinal column: either enters gracile fasciculus (below T6 / lower limb) or cuneate fasicuclus (upper limb)

• travels up to brain on SAME side. at medulla: synapese at medulla with second order neuron
• at medulla it decussates and ascends in medial lemniscus on other side
• reaches the thalamus, synapses again = goes to third order neuron and goes to somatorsensory cortex

Question 9

describe spinothalamic tract pathway xx

Answer 9

stimulus goes into spinal cord via dorsal root into spinal cord

primary afferent goes up 1/2 levels; enters the dorsal horn of grey matter and synapses.

secondary afferent now decussates to controlateral spinothalalmic tract

secondary affarent travels to brain to thalamus.

synapse at thalamus to third order neuron, goes to somatosenosry cortex

Question 10

posterior spinocerebellar tract pathway?

Answer 10

enters via dorsal root into dorsal horn: synapses with secondary neuron here and goes into posterior spinocerebella tract and goes up to cerebellum on SAME side (ipsilateral)

no decussation !!

Question 11

describe pathway of anterior spinocerebellar tract xx enjoy

Answer 11

afferent nerve goes in via dorsal horn. synapse with secondary afferent here

a) MOST secondary fibres decussate and go up on the contralateral side
b) BUT, some fibres: stay on same side and go up ipsilateral side

aa) the controlateral ones: go to cerebellum, where they DECUSSATE AGAIN to get back to ipsilateral side
bb) ipsilateral side goes up and stays here

net effect is that both stay ipsilateral

Question 12

Brown-Sequard Syndrome is damage to one side of spinal cord.

what paraylsis / loss of senses occurs at:

_ipsilaterally

1/2 levels below lesion ipsilaterally:

2 levels below lesion ipsilaterally

2 levels onwards below lesion on contralaterol sid_

Answer 12

ipsilaterally: get complete paralysis below the level of the lesion: due to blocking of corticospinal

1/2 levels below lesion ipsilaterally: complete anaethesia for 1/2 levels due to block of ispilateral spinothalamic.

2 levels below lesion ipsilaterally: loss of light touch, proprioception and vibration (due DCML)

2 levels onwards below lesion on contralaterol side: loss of pain, temp and crude touch 2 levels & below level of lesion - due to the nerves in spinothalamic tract crossing over over couple below

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

which spinal tract carries the concious proprioception

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Answer 14

which spinal tract carries the concious proprioception

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Question 15

which spinal tract carries sensory crude touch

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Answer 15

which spinal tract carries sensory crude touch

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Question 16

which spinal tract carries discriminative touch

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Answer 16

which spinal tract carries discriminative touch

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Question 17

which spinal tract carries unconcious proprioception

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Answer 17

which spinal tract carries unconcious proprioception

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Question 18

which spinal tract carries pain

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Answer 18

which spinal tract carries pain

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Question 19

which spinal tract carries vibration

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Answer 19

which spinal tract carries vibration

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Question 21

which spinal tract carries voluntary movement

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Answer 21

which spinal tract carries voluntary movement

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Question 22

which spinal tract carries temp

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Answer 22

which spinal tract carries temp

Cortiocspinal
DCML
Spinothalamic
Spinocerebellar

Question 23

which arteries bring blood to spinal cord? [3]

what are the terrotories like for each? [2]

Answer 23

which arteries bring blood to spinal cord? [2]
anterior spinal artery - larger
posterior spinal artery x 2 !!! - smaller but 2

Question 24

which arteries supply the areas where the nerve roots enter and exit the spine dorsally and ventrally, respectively? [1]

Answer 24

which arteries supply the areas where the nerve roots enter and exit the spine dorsally and ventrally, respectively? [1]
radicular arteries

Question 25

which artery supplies the spinal tract of spinocerebellar? anterior spinal artery posterior spinal artery

Answer 25

which artery supplies the spinal tract of spinocerebellar? **anterior spinal artery** posterior spinal artery

Question 26

which artery supplies the spinal tract of DCML? anterior spinal artery posterior spinal artery

Answer 26

which artery supplies the spinal tract of DCML? anterior spinal artery **posterior spinal artery**

Question 27

which artery supplies the spinal tract of coritcospinal? anterior spinal artery posterior spinal artery

Answer 27

which artery supplies the spinal tract of coritcospinal? **anterior spinal artery** posterior spinal artery

Question 28

which artery supplies the spinal tract of spinothalamic? anterior spinal artery posterior spinal artery

Answer 28

which artery supplies the spinal tract of spinothalamic? **anterior spinal artery** posterior spinal artery

Question 29

Imaging demonstrates infarction of the ventral spinal cord betwen T10 and L2 due a clot in a large, left sided segmental medullary artery at T10. What is the name of this artery?

Answer 29

Imaging demonstrates infarction of the ventral spinal cord betwen T10 and L2 due a clot in a large, left sided segmental medullary artery at T10. What is the name of this artery? This artery is commonly known as the **artery of Adamkiewicz.** It is the largest and most important segmental medullary artery and is responsible for most of the arterial supply to the lower thoracic and lumbar spine. Damage to this artery therefore can cause catastrophic neurological sequelae.

Question 30

vertebral artery is a branch of which artery? [1] where does the vertebral artery run in neck? [1]

Answer 30

vertebral artery is a branch of which artery? [1] **subclavian** where does the vertebral artery run in neck? [1] **transverse foramen**

Question 31

what is the difference between radicular artereis and segmental medullary arteries?

Answer 31

Radicular arteries Supply the areas where the nerve roots enter and exit the spine dorsally and ventrally, respectively. These arise from anterior cervical arteries in the cervical region, from posterior intercostal arteries in the thoracic region, and from lumbar arteries in the lumbar region. They gain access to the cord via the intervertebral foramina, and important do not travel as far as the midline to anastomose with ASA or PSA. Segmental medullary arteries These are, to all intents and purposes, just like large radicular arteries. They arise similarly from the anterior cervical, intercostal and lumbar arteries, but the key difference is that they travel to the midline and anastomose with the ASA or PSA. The largest and most noteable segmental medullary artery is the great anterior segmental medullary artery of Adamkiewicz, which arises somewhere between T9 and T12, usually on the left, and anastomoses with the ASA to reinforce it as it supplies the lumbosacral spine.