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HUBS192 > Skin lecture 3 > Flashcards

Skin lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

free nerve endings respond to?

A 
Temperatrue 
painful stimuli
movement and pressure 
itch (histamine response)
light touch
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2
Q

Most common receptor in the skin?

A

Free nerve endings

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3
Q

Free nerve endings make ups?

A

Unmyelinated and some myelinated small diameter fibres

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4
Q

where are tactile (Merkel) discs?

A

Free nerve endings in the deepest layer of the epidermis

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5
Q

What do tactile (merkile) discs ?

A

texture, shape and edges

fine touch and light pressure

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6
Q

Tactile (merkel) discs are good for?

A

good for two point discrimination due abundance in fingertips and very small receptive fields

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7
Q

Where are tactile (Meissner) corpuscles located?

A

Papillary layer of dermis. particularly in hairless skin

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8
Q

Tactile (Meissner) corpuscles are good for?

A

delicate or discriminative touch (ie. braille text)
light pressure
low frequency vibration

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9
Q

Tactile (Meissner) corpuscles makeup?

A

Spiralling unmyelinateud sensory terminals surrounded by modified Schwann cells and encapsulated by a thin oval fibrous connective tissue capsule

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10
Q

Lamellar (pacinian) corpuscles are found?

A

scattered deep in dermis and hypodermis

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11
Q

Lamellar (pacinian) corpuscles are best at sensing?

A

deep pressure (only when first applied)
also vibration
*rapidly adapting

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12
Q

Lamellar (pacinian) corpuscles make up?

A

single dendrite lying within concentric layers of collagen fibres and specialised fibroblasts. the layers are separated by interstitial fluid

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13
Q

Bulbous corpuscles are located?

A

Dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Also found in joint capsules and high density around fingernails to monitor slippage of objects

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14
Q

what are bulbous corpuscles?

A

network of nerve endings intertwined with a core of collage fibres that are continuous with those of the surrounding dermis. surrounded by capsules

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15
Q

what are bulbous corpuscles sensitive to?

A

sustained deep pressure and stretching or distortion of the skin

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16
Q

Smooth muscle in walls of arteries and pre-capillary of sphincters are innervated by?

A

sympathetic nervous system

17
Q

Noradrenaline acts on? To cause?

A

alpha1 adrenergic receptors on vascular smooth muscle in skin in order to reduce skin blood flow. Reducing SNS activity increases skin blood flow.

18
Q

Primary mechanisms of heat transfer?

A

Radiation
Evaportation
convection
conduction

19
Q

Eccrine sweat glands are innervated by?

A

sympathetic nervous system

20
Q

The SNS releases what onto mAChRs (eccrine sweat glands)?

A

ACh, acetyl choline

21
Q

Eccrine sweat glands also stimulated by?

A

Adrenaline in blood acting on Beta receptors

22
Q

What area of the hypothalamus contains heat and cold sensitive neurons?

A

Preoptic area

23
Q

Heat loss mechanisms?

A

Vasodilation of blood vessels
Sweating
Increased respiratory rate
behavioural changes

24
Q

Heat generating mechanisms?

A

Shivering
Increased cellular metabolism like increased glyconeogenesis in liver and muscle
Thyroxine

25
Q

What do arrestor pili muscles attach?

A

Hair follicle to upper dermis

26
Q

What type of muscle is arrestor pili muscles?

A

smooth muscle

27
Q

What do arrector pili do?

A

Contraction pulls hair upright and dimples skin which causes goosebumps. Also compresses sebaceous glands

28
Q

How long do first degree burns take to heal?

A

3-10 days

29
Q

What layer of skin do first degree burns affect?

A

Superficial so only involves outer Laye of the epidermis.

30
Q

Symptoms of first degree burns?

A

Red/pink, dry, painful

no blisters, similar to a mild sunburn

31
Q

How long does a 2nd degree burn take to heal?

A

approx 1-2 weeks

deeper burns can take up to a month

32
Q

What layers of skin do 2nd degree burns affect?

A

Epidermis plus varying amounts of the dermis

33
Q

Symptoms of 2nd degree burns?

A

Painful, moist, red and blistered, will require good dressings

34
Q

What layers of the skin do 3rd degree burns affect?

A

Full thickness, they extend into subcutaneous tissue and may involve muscle or bone

35
Q

Do people with 3rd degree burns feel pain?

A

No, the sensory nerve endings are destroyed.

36
Q

How long do 3rd degree burns take to heal?

A

Weeks to regenerate plus a lot of scarring

HUBS192 (38 decks)

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