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HUBS192 > lecture 13 > Flashcards

lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Three general functions of blood?

A

Transport
immune response
coagulation

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2
Q

What are good things blood transports?

A

O2
Water
Nutrients
Ions

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3
Q

What are bad things blood transports?

A

CO2

waste products

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4
Q

What is a byproduct of oxidative reactions in cells?

A

Heat

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5
Q

What in blood is largely responsible for the immune response?

A

White blood cells

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6
Q

What is the purpose of coagulation?

A

Preventing bleeding

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7
Q

What is responsible for coagulation?

A

Platelets and coagulation factors

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8
Q

How much blood does a 70kg person have?

A

5.5L of blood

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9
Q

What percentage of the blood is plasma?

A

55%

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10
Q

what is the range of plasma in the blood?

A

46-63%

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11
Q

What percentage of plasma is water?

A

92%

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12
Q

What are plasma proteins?

A

Albumins
globulins
fibrinogen
enzymes and hormones

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13
Q

What are the purposes of electrolytes?

A

Maintain pH and ion balance

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14
Q

What are the three types of formed elements?

A

Platalets
White blood cells
Red blood cells

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15
Q

What is the most common formed element?

A

Red blood cells (99.9%)

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16
Q

What are platelets?

A

cell fragments that participate in clotting to stop bleeding

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17
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

immune response and defence mechanisms

18
Q

what is the purpose of red blood cells?

A

oxygen transport, highly specialised

19
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

the formation of blood cells

20
Q

Where are red blood cells made?

A

Red bone marrow

21
Q

What makes red blood cells?

A

hemocytoblasts

22
Q

What are the progenitors for all blood cells?

A

Hemocytoblasts

23
Q

What stimulates production of red blood cells?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

24
Q

Name two organs that will receive less blood during strenuous exercise?

A

Kidneys

GI Tract

25
Q

Since the total flow of blood has increased during exercise, what value must change to keep mean arterial blood pressure constant?

A

TPR, total peripheral resistance

26
Q

What is the shape of red blood cells?

A

Biconcave disc shape

27
Q

What is the purpose of the red blood cell shape?

A

efficient diffusion of gases
large surface area:volume ratio
flexibility for movement with narrow capillaries

28
Q

What is 1/3 weight of Red Blood Cells?

A

Hemoglobin

29
Q

What does haemoglobin use to bind oxygen?

A

Iron

30
Q

What is hematocrit or packed cell volume?

A

The fraction of blood occupied by the red cells

31
Q

What is the normal PCV for males?

A

0.4-0.54

32
Q

What is the normal PCV for women?

A

0.37-0.47

33
Q

What is the Buffy coat?

A

White blood cells and platelets

34
Q

What is anemic?

A

Abnormally low hematocrit

35
Q

What is polycythemic?

A

abnormally high hematocrit

36
Q

What is the short term response to high altitude?

A

increased respiratory rate and increased HR

37
Q

What detects the change in oxygen levels?

A

Kidney

38
Q

What is a long term response to high altitude?

A

Increased RBC production

39
Q

What is the purpose of increased O2 capacity?

A

Increased performance

40
Q

what is aqueous component of blood?

A

Plasma

41
Q

What is the main cause of anemic?

A

Iron deficiency

42
Q

Why is polycythemic bad?

A

Blood is too thick, therefore difficult to push through system due to greater resistance

HUBS192 (38 decks)

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