lecture 13 Flashcards
Three general functions of blood?
Transport
immune response
coagulation
What are good things blood transports?
O2
Water
Nutrients
Ions
What are bad things blood transports?
CO2
waste products
What is a byproduct of oxidative reactions in cells?
Heat
What in blood is largely responsible for the immune response?
White blood cells
What is the purpose of coagulation?
Preventing bleeding
What is responsible for coagulation?
Platelets and coagulation factors
How much blood does a 70kg person have?
5.5L of blood
What percentage of the blood is plasma?
55%
what is the range of plasma in the blood?
46-63%
What percentage of plasma is water?
92%
What are plasma proteins?
Albumins
globulins
fibrinogen
enzymes and hormones
What are the purposes of electrolytes?
Maintain pH and ion balance
What are the three types of formed elements?
Platalets
White blood cells
Red blood cells
What is the most common formed element?
Red blood cells (99.9%)
What are platelets?
cell fragments that participate in clotting to stop bleeding
What do white blood cells do?
immune response and defence mechanisms
what is the purpose of red blood cells?
oxygen transport, highly specialised
What is hematopoiesis?
the formation of blood cells
Where are red blood cells made?
Red bone marrow
What makes red blood cells?
hemocytoblasts
What are the progenitors for all blood cells?
Hemocytoblasts
What stimulates production of red blood cells?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Name two organs that will receive less blood during strenuous exercise?
Kidneys
GI Tract
Since the total flow of blood has increased during exercise, what value must change to keep mean arterial blood pressure constant?
TPR, total peripheral resistance
What is the shape of red blood cells?
Biconcave disc shape
What is the purpose of the red blood cell shape?
efficient diffusion of gases
large surface area:volume ratio
flexibility for movement with narrow capillaries
What is 1/3 weight of Red Blood Cells?
Hemoglobin
What does haemoglobin use to bind oxygen?
Iron
What is hematocrit or packed cell volume?
The fraction of blood occupied by the red cells
What is the normal PCV for males?
0.4-0.54
What is the normal PCV for women?
0.37-0.47
What is the Buffy coat?
White blood cells and platelets
What is anemic?
Abnormally low hematocrit
What is polycythemic?
abnormally high hematocrit
What is the short term response to high altitude?
increased respiratory rate and increased HR
What detects the change in oxygen levels?
Kidney
What is a long term response to high altitude?
Increased RBC production
What is the purpose of increased O2 capacity?
Increased performance
what is aqueous component of blood?
Plasma
What is the main cause of anemic?
Iron deficiency
Why is polycythemic bad?
Blood is too thick, therefore difficult to push through system due to greater resistance
