lecture 19

Question 1

what are the two forms oxygen is carried in the blood?

Answer 1

bound to haemoglobin

dissolved O2

Question 2

How much blood is dissolved in a litre of blood?

Answer 2

3mL of O2

Question 3

Binding of oxygen depends on?

Answer 3

Pressure of O2

Question 4

Right shift in curve can be caused by?

Answer 4

increased temperature
increases PCO2
Reduced pH - Bohr’s effect

Question 5

Left shift in curve caused by?

Answer 5

Increased pH
reduced temperature
Decreased PCO2

Question 6

What causes reduced O2 affinity?

Answer 6

higher temperature

lower plasma pH

Question 7

What are the 3 forms CO2 is transported in?

Answer 7

Dissolved in plasma (7%)
Bicarbonate (70%)
Combined with proteins (23%)

Question 8

What other product is formed with bicarbonate?

Answer 8

H+ ions -> decrease in pH

Question 9

Why do we need to maintain normal levels of O2 and CO2?

Answer 9

metabolic and biochemical stability

Question 10

What is the central controller of breathing?

Answer 10

Pons
medulla
other parts if the brain

Question 11

What are the effectors of the breathing?

Answer 11

Muscles of respiration

Question 12

What are the sensors of breathing?

Answer 12

chemoreceptors
baroreceptors
lung stretch receptors
protective reflexes

Question 13

What is the role of the higher centres of respiratory controls?

Answer 13

Can alter the activity of the pneumotaxic centres

Question 14

What is the role apneustic and pneumotaxic centres in the pons?

Answer 14

Adjust the output of the respiratory rhythmicity centres

Question 15

What is the role of the respiratory rhythmiticity centres?

Answer 15

Generate cycles of contraction and relaxation in the diaphragm establishing pace off respiration

Question 16

What are the most important chemoreceptors for determining respiratory activity?

Answer 16

CO2 receptors

Question 17

What are baroreceptors?

Answer 17

Blood pressure sensors?

Question 18

What is the result of a detected decrease in arterial Blood pressure?

Answer 18

Respiratory minute volume goes up and increased are uptake?

Question 19

Where does information on the lungs as they deflate or inflate go?

Answer 19

Stretch receptors

Question 20

What does the brain to with efferent information from lungs?

Answer 20

Prevents lungs from stretching too far either way

Question 21

What do receptors do with information about irritation?

Answer 21

triggers a sneeze or cough