lecture 14 Flashcards
What is the role of the respiratory system?
Conduct warm, clean, moist air into close proximity with blood for gas exchange
What does the respiratory system need to be effective?
A surface for gas exchange
A path for air to flow to reach gas exchange
ability to breath in and out
produce sound
Main components of respiratory system?
URT LRT Thoracic cavity joints respiratory muscles
Parts of the URT?
Nose
Nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses
pharynx
Parts of the LRT?
Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Respiratory bronchioles Alveoli
What is the purpose of conducting region?
Nose -> bronchioles ensure air is warm, clean, moist
Respiratory region purpose?
Alveoli provide site of gas exchange
What is the purpose of the nasal cavity?
Olfacation (sense of smell)
What is the purpose of oral cavity?
passage for air and food
Most body organs are lined with what?
Mucosa
What is mucosa made up of?
Epithelia attached via a basement membrane. This attaches the epithelia to lamina propria. Beneath this is a submucosal layer
What is the respiratory tract lined with?
Mucosa
What type of epithelia lines the conducting region?
Respiratory epithelium
What type of epithelia lines where air and food travel?
Stratified squamous
What epithelium lines the site of gas exchange?
simple squamous
What epithelium lines olfaction region?
olfactory mucosa
What is respiratory epithelium?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)
Where is respiratory epithelium found?
Nasal cavity Part of pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi
What do goblet cells produce and why?
Mucous to trap debris and moisten air
What is the purpose of ciliated cells?
Movement pushes mucus towards pharynx to be swallowed and digested
Why does your nose run on a cold day?
Cilia stop beating in the cold so it will dribble out your nose
Why do smokers cough?
In order to dislodge mucus because smoke destroys cilia
Components of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What is the purpose of the nose?
Primary passageway for air
What is the purpose of cartilage in the nose?
It is soft and flexible to maintain patent, unobstructed airway
How many bones in the bridge of nose?
2 nasal bones
What filters the inhaled air in the nose?
Vibrissae (nose hairs)
What is the anterior nasal septum?
cartilage
What is the posterior nasal septum?
Bone
Where do the posterior nares open into?
the nasal pharynx
What type of bone is the roof of the nasal cavity formed by?
ethmoid and sphenoid bones
What type of bone is the floor of the nasal cavity formed by?
soft palates
What structure is on the lateral walls of the nasal complex?
Conchae
What are the three projections of conchae?
Superior
Middle
Inferior
What lines the conchae?
Respiratory epithelium
What do conchae do?
Swirl the inspired air promoting sticking of particles to mucosa
also provides more time for warming and humidifying of air, plus olfactory detection
Alongside respiratory epithelium, what other epithelium is in the nasal cavity?
Olfactory mucosa, on roof of nasal cavity containing smell receptors
what does epithelium sit on?
Lamina propria
What is the purpose of thin walled veins in the nasal cavity?
Warm incoming air.
When the air temperature drops, what is the response of the vascular plexus?
the vascular plexus dilates allowing greater heat transfer between blood and inspired air
Where do normal nose bleeds originate from?
Damage to vascular plexus (veins in nasal cavity)
What is a sinus?
cavity within a bone
what bone is found surrounding the paranasal?
Found within frontal sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones
What is the paranasal sinus lined with?
Respiratory mucosa
Where does the paranasal sinus drain?
Drain into pharynx
Functions of paranasal sinus?
Lighten skull
increased surface area to clean, warm and moisten air
what blocks sinuses?
infected mucus
What is the pharynx?
muscular funnel shaped tube shared by respiratory and digestive system
What is the pharynx commonly referred to as?
Throat
What is the strictly air filled region of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
What lines the nasopharynx?
respiratory mucosa
Where is the pharynx?
posterior to the nasal cavity, from posterior nares to soft palate
What blocks nasopharynx during swallowing?
Soft palate and uvula
What drains from middle ear to nasopharynx?
auditory tubes
what is on the nasopharynx posterior wall?
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
What lines the oropharynx?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Where is the oropharynx?
posterior to oral cavity. from soft palate to hyoid
What tonsils are located in the oropharynx?
Palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils
What lines the laryngopharymx?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Where is the laryngopharynx?
Hyoid bone to opening of larynx/beginning of oesophagus
Where does the laryngopharynx end?
where repertory and digestive tracks diverse
