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HUBS192 > lecture 14 > Flashcards

lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the respiratory system?

A

Conduct warm, clean, moist air into close proximity with blood for gas exchange

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2
Q

What does the respiratory system need to be effective?

A

A surface for gas exchange
A path for air to flow to reach gas exchange
ability to breath in and out
produce sound

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3
Q

Main components of respiratory system?

A 
URT 
LRT 
Thoracic cavity 
joints 
respiratory muscles
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4
Q

Parts of the URT?

A

Nose
Nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses
pharynx

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5
Q

Parts of the LRT?

A 
Larynx 
Trachea 
Bronchus 
Bronchioles 
Respiratory bronchioles 
Alveoli
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6
Q

What is the purpose of conducting region?

A

Nose -> bronchioles ensure air is warm, clean, moist

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7
Q

Respiratory region purpose?

A

Alveoli provide site of gas exchange

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the nasal cavity?

A

Olfacation (sense of smell)

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9
Q

What is the purpose of oral cavity?

A

passage for air and food

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10
Q

Most body organs are lined with what?

A

Mucosa

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11
Q

What is mucosa made up of?

A

Epithelia attached via a basement membrane. This attaches the epithelia to lamina propria. Beneath this is a submucosal layer

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12
Q

What is the respiratory tract lined with?

A

Mucosa

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13
Q

What type of epithelia lines the conducting region?

A

Respiratory epithelium

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14
Q

What type of epithelia lines where air and food travel?

A

Stratified squamous

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15
Q

What epithelium lines the site of gas exchange?

A

simple squamous

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16
Q

What epithelium lines olfaction region?

A

olfactory mucosa

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17
Q

What is respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

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18
Q

Where is respiratory epithelium found?

A 
Nasal cavity 
Part of pharynx 
Larynx 
Trachea 
Bronchi
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19
Q

What do goblet cells produce and why?

A

Mucous to trap debris and moisten air

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20
Q

What is the purpose of ciliated cells?

A

Movement pushes mucus towards pharynx to be swallowed and digested

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21
Q

Why does your nose run on a cold day?

A

Cilia stop beating in the cold so it will dribble out your nose

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22
Q

Why do smokers cough?

A

In order to dislodge mucus because smoke destroys cilia

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23
Q

Components of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the nose?

A

Primary passageway for air

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25
Q

What is the purpose of cartilage in the nose?

A

It is soft and flexible to maintain patent, unobstructed airway

26
Q

How many bones in the bridge of nose?

A

2 nasal bones

27
Q

What filters the inhaled air in the nose?

A

Vibrissae (nose hairs)

28
Q

What is the anterior nasal septum?

A

cartilage

29
Q

What is the posterior nasal septum?

A

Bone

30
Q

Where do the posterior nares open into?

A

the nasal pharynx

31
Q

What type of bone is the roof of the nasal cavity formed by?

A

ethmoid and sphenoid bones

32
Q

What type of bone is the floor of the nasal cavity formed by?

A

soft palates

33
Q

What structure is on the lateral walls of the nasal complex?

A

Conchae

34
Q

What are the three projections of conchae?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

35
Q

What lines the conchae?

A

Respiratory epithelium

36
Q

What do conchae do?

A

Swirl the inspired air promoting sticking of particles to mucosa
also provides more time for warming and humidifying of air, plus olfactory detection

37
Q

Alongside respiratory epithelium, what other epithelium is in the nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory mucosa, on roof of nasal cavity containing smell receptors

38
Q

what does epithelium sit on?

A

Lamina propria

39
Q

What is the purpose of thin walled veins in the nasal cavity?

A

Warm incoming air.

40
Q

When the air temperature drops, what is the response of the vascular plexus?

A

the vascular plexus dilates allowing greater heat transfer between blood and inspired air

41
Q

Where do normal nose bleeds originate from?

A

Damage to vascular plexus (veins in nasal cavity)

42
Q

What is a sinus?

A

cavity within a bone

43
Q

what bone is found surrounding the paranasal?

A

Found within frontal sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones

44
Q

What is the paranasal sinus lined with?

A

Respiratory mucosa

45
Q

Where does the paranasal sinus drain?

A

Drain into pharynx

46
Q

Functions of paranasal sinus?

A

Lighten skull

increased surface area to clean, warm and moisten air

47
Q

what blocks sinuses?

A

infected mucus

48
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

muscular funnel shaped tube shared by respiratory and digestive system

49
Q

What is the pharynx commonly referred to as?

A

Throat

50
Q

What is the strictly air filled region of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx

51
Q

What lines the nasopharynx?

A

respiratory mucosa

52
Q

Where is the pharynx?

A

posterior to the nasal cavity, from posterior nares to soft palate

53
Q

What blocks nasopharynx during swallowing?

A

Soft palate and uvula

54
Q

What drains from middle ear to nasopharynx?

A

auditory tubes

55
Q

what is on the nasopharynx posterior wall?

A

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

56
Q

What lines the oropharynx?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

57
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

posterior to oral cavity. from soft palate to hyoid

58
Q

What tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

A

Palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

59
Q

What lines the laryngopharymx?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

60
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx?

A

Hyoid bone to opening of larynx/beginning of oesophagus

61
Q

Where does the laryngopharynx end?

A

where repertory and digestive tracks diverse

HUBS192 (38 decks)

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