Heart anatomy lecture 4 Flashcards
What organs make up the cardiovascular system?
Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins/Lymphatics
closed continuous supply and drainage system?
Blood vascular system
Primary function of the heart?
Pump blood around the heart
Veins carry?
blood back to the heart
Arteries carry?
blood away from the heart
Capillaries are?
the site of exchange at the body
Layers of the heart wall?
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
The pulmonary circuit takes what kind of blood and carries it where?
Takes deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to lungs
The systemic circuit?
takes oxygenated blood and pumps from left side of heart to everywhere in the body
Where are arteries located?
In a position to avoid any damage due to the amount of blood contained
How many arteries will important structures have supplying them?
two
Three degrees of permeability of capillaries?
Continuous
fenestrated
sinusoidal
3 ways to drain
deep veins
superficial veins
lymphatics
Deep sit next to?
Supply arterial path and will typically have the same name as the supply artery
Features of superficial veins?
Low pressure and low velocity so it is easy for blood to clot and seal itself
How are veins low pressure and low velocity?
The CSA is at least twice that of arteries to shift same blood/second
What shape is the heart?
blunt, cone shaped organ
what is the pointed end of the heart is called?
the apex
The apex is?
the pointed cone end, points inferiorly and to the left
The apex beat sits?
in the mid clavicular line of the 4th/5th intercostal space.
What is the size of the heart relative to?
size of a closed fist
2/3 of the heart lies on what side of the body?
Left hand side
What do the left and right atria act as?
reservoirs for blood
What do the left and right ventricles act as?
Pumps
the 3 venous vessels the right atrium receives blood from?
Superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
what separates the right atria and ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
How does the right ventricle send blood to the pulmonary turn and pulmonary arteries?
Pulmonary (semilunar) valve
The left side of the heart receives blood from?
The lungs and pumps to the body
The left atrium receives what kind of blood from where?
Oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins from the lungs
The left atrium and ventricle are separated by?
The mitral valve
The left ventricle sends blood through?
The aortic valve to the aorta then out to the body
The right atrium receives?
Deoxygenated blood from
Superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
3 layers of the heart wall (innermost to outermost)?
Endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
The protective bag in which the whole heart resides in
pericardium
Which ventricle is thicker?
Left ventricle, about 3 times thicker
Layers of the pericardium?
Parietal (outer)
Visceral (inner)
Thickest layer of the heart wall?
myocardium
main function of the myocardium?
contraction of the heart
Serous membrane secretes?
serous fluid to ensure frictionless beating
what lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium?
visceral layer of the serous pericardium
Layers of epicardium?
First layer is squamous endothelium and an underlying layer of loose FCT
Endocardium contains?
Blood vessels, loose FCT, squamous epithelium and purkinje fibres
Endocardium lines?
the chambers of the heart and covers the heart valves
Epicardium consists of what layer of the pericardium?
visceral serous pericardium
The visceral pericardium loops and forms the parietal layer, what is the space inbetween the two layers?
pericardial space
