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HUBS192 > lecture 16 > Flashcards

lecture 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are visceral layers?

A

on the organ

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2
Q

Where are parietal layers?

A

on body wall

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3
Q

what are serous membranes?

A

Double layer of secretory tissue with fluid between layers

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4
Q

what is the pleura cavity?

A

A thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity

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5
Q

what is the peritoneum?

A

The tissue that lines the abdominal cavity

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6
Q

What is contained in the thoracic cavity?

A

Medistinum

Pleaural cavities

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the thoracic cavity?

A 
Anterior-sternum 
Posterior-Thoracic vertebrae 
Lateral-Ribs 
superior-base of neck 
Inferior-diaphragm
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8
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

area in the chest that contains heart, vessels and pericardium

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9
Q

What is contained in the pleural cavities?

A

lungs

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10
Q

Why are the lungs seperate?

A

so if one stops working you have another

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11
Q

What is ventilation driven by?

A

pressure changes in thoracic cavity?

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12
Q

What is pressure inversely proportional to?

A

volume

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13
Q

During inspiration volume ___?

A

increases

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14
Q

what is Boyles law?

A

P = 1/V

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15
Q

increased volume results in?

A

Decreased pressure

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16
Q

smaller space = ?

A

more collisions = increased pressure

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17
Q

Where does air move?

A

lower pressure space

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18
Q

what happens between breaths?

A

Pressure inside gravity = pressure outside, no gradient

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19
Q

How is the sternum attached to ribs?

A

via costal cartilage

20
Q

What type of joints are the thoracic joints?

A

Synovial and cartilaginous

21
Q

What type of joint are the sternocostal joints?

A

synovial

22
Q

What type of joint is the first sternocostal joint?

A

Cartilaginous

23
Q

What type of joints are the costochondral joints?

A

cartilaginous

24
Q

What type of joints are the interchondral joints?

A

synovial

25
Q

What is the costotransverse?

A

the joint between rib and transverse process of vertebrae

26
Q

What are costovertebral?

A

between rib and body of vertebrae

27
Q

What type of joints are the articulation between thoracic vertebrae and ribs?

A

synovial joints

28
Q

What is the role of respiratory muscles?

A

move the rib cage to allow us to breath

29
Q

What are the primary inspiratory muscles?

A

Diaphragm and intercostals

30
Q

When are the accessory muscles active?

A

Only when needed

31
Q

The diaphragm is a sheet of what kind of muscle?

A

skeletal muscle

32
Q

What does the diaphragm seperate?

A

Thorax from abdomen

33
Q

What shape is the diaphragm when relaxed and contracted?

A

Dome-shaped and flattened

34
Q

What happens when diaphragm contracts?

A

Expansion of thoracic cavity and compression of abdominopelvic cavity

35
Q

What happens during normal ‘quiet’ inspiration?

A

Diaphragm contracts and external intercostals contract and lift ribs

36
Q

What happens during active ‘forced’ inspiration?

A

The same as quiet inspiration however accessory muscles contract to further expand thoracic cavity

37
Q

What happens during normal ‘quiet’ expiration?

A

passive process of diaphragm relaxing and external intercostals relaxing

38
Q

What happens during active ‘forced’ expiration?

A

sam as quiet expiration, however internal intercostals and accessory muscles contract

39
Q

What gives the lung expanding properties?

A

Lung tissue is elastic and always trying to recoil

40
Q

What makes the lungs stick to the thoracic wall?

A

The pleura, specifically the fluid bond

41
Q

Lungs expand when?

A

During inspiration

42
Q

Where is the visceral pleura?

A

on the lungs

43
Q

What separates parietal and visceral pleura?

A

Pleural fluid

44
Q

What is the function of pleural fluid?

A

slippery surface for frictionless movement against other structures

45
Q

Describe the movement initiated by thoracic wall movement?

A

Increase volume in thorax -> increase volume of lung -> decrease pressure in lung-> air flows in

HUBS192 (38 decks)

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