lecture 16 Flashcards
Where are visceral layers?
on the organ
Where are parietal layers?
on body wall
what are serous membranes?
Double layer of secretory tissue with fluid between layers
what is the pleura cavity?
A thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity
what is the peritoneum?
The tissue that lines the abdominal cavity
What is contained in the thoracic cavity?
Medistinum
Pleaural cavities
What are the boundaries of the thoracic cavity?
Anterior-sternum Posterior-Thoracic vertebrae Lateral-Ribs superior-base of neck Inferior-diaphragm
What is the mediastinum?
area in the chest that contains heart, vessels and pericardium
What is contained in the pleural cavities?
lungs
Why are the lungs seperate?
so if one stops working you have another
What is ventilation driven by?
pressure changes in thoracic cavity?
What is pressure inversely proportional to?
volume
During inspiration volume ___?
increases
what is Boyles law?
P = 1/V
increased volume results in?
Decreased pressure
smaller space = ?
more collisions = increased pressure
Where does air move?
lower pressure space
what happens between breaths?
Pressure inside gravity = pressure outside, no gradient
How is the sternum attached to ribs?
via costal cartilage
What type of joints are the thoracic joints?
Synovial and cartilaginous
What type of joint are the sternocostal joints?
synovial
What type of joint is the first sternocostal joint?
Cartilaginous
What type of joints are the costochondral joints?
cartilaginous
What type of joints are the interchondral joints?
synovial
What is the costotransverse?
the joint between rib and transverse process of vertebrae
What are costovertebral?
between rib and body of vertebrae
What type of joints are the articulation between thoracic vertebrae and ribs?
synovial joints
What is the role of respiratory muscles?
move the rib cage to allow us to breath
What are the primary inspiratory muscles?
Diaphragm and intercostals
When are the accessory muscles active?
Only when needed
The diaphragm is a sheet of what kind of muscle?
skeletal muscle
What does the diaphragm seperate?
Thorax from abdomen
What shape is the diaphragm when relaxed and contracted?
Dome-shaped and flattened
What happens when diaphragm contracts?
Expansion of thoracic cavity and compression of abdominopelvic cavity
What happens during normal ‘quiet’ inspiration?
Diaphragm contracts and external intercostals contract and lift ribs
What happens during active ‘forced’ inspiration?
The same as quiet inspiration however accessory muscles contract to further expand thoracic cavity
What happens during normal ‘quiet’ expiration?
passive process of diaphragm relaxing and external intercostals relaxing
What happens during active ‘forced’ expiration?
sam as quiet expiration, however internal intercostals and accessory muscles contract
What gives the lung expanding properties?
Lung tissue is elastic and always trying to recoil
What makes the lungs stick to the thoracic wall?
The pleura, specifically the fluid bond
Lungs expand when?
During inspiration
Where is the visceral pleura?
on the lungs
What separates parietal and visceral pleura?
Pleural fluid
What is the function of pleural fluid?
slippery surface for frictionless movement against other structures
Describe the movement initiated by thoracic wall movement?
Increase volume in thorax -> increase volume of lung -> decrease pressure in lung-> air flows in
