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HUBS192 > lecture 28 > Flashcards

lecture 28 Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the male body is water?

A

60%

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2
Q

what percentage of the female body is water?

A

55%

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3
Q

Total body water is made up of which two key components?

A 
Extracellular fluid (1/3)
intracellular fluid (2/3)
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4
Q

How does the urinary system maintain balance?

A

By filtering blood and expelling waste products

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5
Q

what are the waste products expelled by urinary system?

A

excess water
excess salts
wastes of metabolism
toxins and drugs

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6
Q

how much blood flows through kidneys per minute?

A

1200mL

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7
Q

What is urine?

A

waste product excreted to maintain balance within the body

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8
Q

What is in normal urine?

A 
water
salts
urea
metabolites 
hormones 
small proteins
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9
Q

Why is urine pH not tightly regulated?

A

It can vary anywhere from 4-8 pH depending on what is being excreted

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10
Q

What could be in abnormal urine?

A

Large proteins
RBCs
Glucose

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11
Q

to be effective the urinary system needs?

A

delivery system for blood
selective filtration
filtrate recovery mechanisms
system to return recovered, filtered fluid to body

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12
Q

Major organs of the urinary system?

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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13
Q

main components of the renal urinary system?

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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14
Q

the structure of the kidneys allows?

A

Blood to be brought into close proximity with the nephron for filtering
blood that has been filtered to leave the kidney
a pathway for urine to be removed from the kidney, stored then excreted
protection

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15
Q

Where are the kidneys?

A

Between the T12 and L3 vertebrae and the 11th and 12 ribs

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16
Q

Which way do the convex sides of the kidneys face?

A

laterally

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17
Q

What is the concave notch on the medial surface of kidney called?

A

Hilum

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18
Q

What is the hilum?

A

area of the organ where things go in and out

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19
Q

What travels through hilum in kidneys?

A

Renal blood vessels
lymphatics
nerves
ureter

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20
Q

Where is the kidney located internally?

A

It is retroperitoneal, located on posterior abdominal wall covered on anterior side by peritoneum

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21
Q

What surrounds and supports the kidneys?

A

Fat

22
Q

What are the three regions of the kidney?

A

cortex
medulla
pelvis

23
Q

what surrounds the kidney?

A

a dense fibrous capsule that provides external protection

24
Q

What is the inner medulla divided into?

A

Pyramids, each medullary pyramid ends in a papilla

25
Q

what forms the renal column?

A

outer cortex which is a continuous layer

26
Q

Cortex and medulla form how many functional lobes?

A

5-11 per kidney

27
Q

kidney lobe includes?

A

one medullary pyramid
all cortex surrounding it
nephrons

28
Q

What is a calyx?

A

where urine drains from each papilla and collects is a calyx

29
Q

calyces join to form?

A

renal pelvis

30
Q

the pelvis narrows as it exits the hilum to become?

A

the ureter

31
Q

Urine travels into?

A

papilla -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter

32
Q

three structures that provide external protection for kidneys?

A

11th-12th ribs
renal fat pad
fibrous capsule

33
Q

how is urine produced?

A

by filtering waste from the blood into nephron

34
Q

where does filtration occur?

A

in the cortex of the kidneys

35
Q

where does the renal artery arise from?

A

abdominal aorta

36
Q

Veins return filtered blood from the cortex to?

A

the renal vein then to the inferior vena cava

37
Q

Where does the afferent arteriole deliver blood?

A

to the glomerulus

38
Q

What is the glomerulus made up of?

A

the glomerular capillaries where filtration occurs

39
Q

what carries blood to the veins in the cortex?

A

peritubular capillaries

40
Q

blood supply into the cortex to be filtered?

A

abdominal aorta -> renal artery -> series of arteries -> afferent arteriole -> glomerular capillary

41
Q

blood supply from the cortex after being filtered?

A

glomerular capillary -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> series of veins -> renal vein -> inferior vena cava

42
Q

Kidney is innervated from a network of what nerves and ganglia?

A

Autonomic nerves and renal plexus

43
Q

What adjusts the diameter of renal arterioles?

A

sympathetic nerves

44
Q

What is a nephron?

A

microscopic functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and selectively reabsorbs or secretes

45
Q

What is the bulk of the kidney made up of?

A

nephrons

46
Q

What is the renal corpuscle?

A

where the blood and the nephron meet. made up glomerulus and glomerular capsule

47
Q

what is the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

the tubule that is closest to the renal corpuscle

48
Q

What follows the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

nephron loop

49
Q

what follows the nephron loop?

A

distal convoluted tubule

50
Q

what is the final part of the nephron?

A

the collecting duct

HUBS192 (38 decks)

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