lecture 28 Flashcards
What percentage of the male body is water?
60%
what percentage of the female body is water?
55%
Total body water is made up of which two key components?
Extracellular fluid (1/3) intracellular fluid (2/3)
How does the urinary system maintain balance?
By filtering blood and expelling waste products
what are the waste products expelled by urinary system?
excess water
excess salts
wastes of metabolism
toxins and drugs
how much blood flows through kidneys per minute?
1200mL
What is urine?
waste product excreted to maintain balance within the body
What is in normal urine?
water salts urea metabolites hormones small proteins
Why is urine pH not tightly regulated?
It can vary anywhere from 4-8 pH depending on what is being excreted
What could be in abnormal urine?
Large proteins
RBCs
Glucose
to be effective the urinary system needs?
delivery system for blood
selective filtration
filtrate recovery mechanisms
system to return recovered, filtered fluid to body
Major organs of the urinary system?
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
main components of the renal urinary system?
2 kidneys
2 ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
the structure of the kidneys allows?
Blood to be brought into close proximity with the nephron for filtering
blood that has been filtered to leave the kidney
a pathway for urine to be removed from the kidney, stored then excreted
protection
Where are the kidneys?
Between the T12 and L3 vertebrae and the 11th and 12 ribs
Which way do the convex sides of the kidneys face?
laterally
What is the concave notch on the medial surface of kidney called?
Hilum
What is the hilum?
area of the organ where things go in and out
What travels through hilum in kidneys?
Renal blood vessels
lymphatics
nerves
ureter
Where is the kidney located internally?
It is retroperitoneal, located on posterior abdominal wall covered on anterior side by peritoneum
What surrounds and supports the kidneys?
Fat
What are the three regions of the kidney?
cortex
medulla
pelvis
what surrounds the kidney?
a dense fibrous capsule that provides external protection
What is the inner medulla divided into?
Pyramids, each medullary pyramid ends in a papilla
what forms the renal column?
outer cortex which is a continuous layer
Cortex and medulla form how many functional lobes?
5-11 per kidney
kidney lobe includes?
one medullary pyramid
all cortex surrounding it
nephrons
What is a calyx?
where urine drains from each papilla and collects is a calyx
calyces join to form?
renal pelvis
the pelvis narrows as it exits the hilum to become?
the ureter
Urine travels into?
papilla -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter
three structures that provide external protection for kidneys?
11th-12th ribs
renal fat pad
fibrous capsule
how is urine produced?
by filtering waste from the blood into nephron
where does filtration occur?
in the cortex of the kidneys
where does the renal artery arise from?
abdominal aorta
Veins return filtered blood from the cortex to?
the renal vein then to the inferior vena cava
Where does the afferent arteriole deliver blood?
to the glomerulus
What is the glomerulus made up of?
the glomerular capillaries where filtration occurs
what carries blood to the veins in the cortex?
peritubular capillaries
blood supply into the cortex to be filtered?
abdominal aorta -> renal artery -> series of arteries -> afferent arteriole -> glomerular capillary
blood supply from the cortex after being filtered?
glomerular capillary -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> series of veins -> renal vein -> inferior vena cava
Kidney is innervated from a network of what nerves and ganglia?
Autonomic nerves and renal plexus
What adjusts the diameter of renal arterioles?
sympathetic nerves
What is a nephron?
microscopic functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and selectively reabsorbs or secretes
What is the bulk of the kidney made up of?
nephrons
What is the renal corpuscle?
where the blood and the nephron meet. made up glomerulus and glomerular capsule
what is the proximal convoluted tubule?
the tubule that is closest to the renal corpuscle
What follows the proximal convoluted tubule?
nephron loop
what follows the nephron loop?
distal convoluted tubule
what is the final part of the nephron?
the collecting duct
