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HUBS192 > lecture 21 > Flashcards

lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

what shape is the stomach?

A

J-shaped

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2
Q

Where is the stomach?

A

base of the esophagus

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3
Q

where does the oesophagus pass?

A

through the diaphragm, through oesophageal hiatus

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4
Q

what prevents reflux?

A

lower oesophageal sphincter

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5
Q

4 main parts of the stomach?

A

cardia
fundus
body
pylorus

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6
Q

what is the lesser omentum?

A

stomach to liver

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7
Q

what is the greater omentum?

A

stomach to transverse colon

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8
Q

what is the muscularis in the gut tube modified for?

A

motility

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9
Q

what are the 3 layers of the stomach?

A

inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal

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10
Q

What are rugae?

A

temporary folds that allow the expansion of the stomach. the folds are a core of submucosa

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11
Q

what is the mucosa in the gut tube?

A

simple columnar epithelium

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12
Q

what does the inwards folding of mucosa allow?

A

greater surface area for absorption

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13
Q

what secretes mucous?

A

mucous epithelial cells

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14
Q

what do parietal cells secrete?

A

acid and intrinsic factor

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15
Q

what secretes hormones?

A

G cells

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16
Q

what do chief cells secrete?

A

pepsinogen

17
Q

what modifications allow chief cells to specialise?

A

abundant rough Er
zymogen granules containing enzymes
basal nucleus

18
Q

what modifications have parietal cells gone through?

A

abundant mitochondria to pump H+
central nucleus
folded structure to increase surface area

19
Q

what regulates stomach function?

A

endocrine control

neural control

20
Q

where are endocrine cells?

A

in mucosa

21
Q

what do the endocrine cells secrete?

A

gastrin and ghrelin

22
Q

what is the primary control of the stomach function?

A

enteric nervous system

23
Q

what allows controlled release of chyme into the small intestine?

A

Pyloric sphincter

24
Q

what does the small intestine require for handling of the acidic chyme?

A

enzymes
mucous
neutralise acid

25
Q

What is the purpose of mucous in the small intestine?

A

protection of acidic chyme

26
Q

what provides enzymes and bicarbonate for small intestine?

A

pancreas

27
Q

where is the pancreas?

A

the head of the pancreas lies in the c-shaped duodenum and posterior to the stomach

28
Q

where does the duct of the pancreas drain into?

A

duodenal lumen

29
Q

is the pancreas retroperitoneal?

A

yes

30
Q

where does the bile duct meet the pancreatic duct?

A

at the entrance to the hepatopancreatic ampulla

31
Q

what do pancreatic alpha cells and beta cells secrete?

A

glucagon and insulin respectively

32
Q

acinar cells secrete?

A

enzymes

33
Q

duct cells secrete?

A

bicarbonate

34
Q

what is the structure of the pancreatic acinar cells?

A

basal nucleus
abundant rER
apical zymogen granules

HUBS192 (38 decks)

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