lecture 21 Flashcards
what shape is the stomach?
J-shaped
Where is the stomach?
base of the esophagus
where does the oesophagus pass?
through the diaphragm, through oesophageal hiatus
what prevents reflux?
lower oesophageal sphincter
4 main parts of the stomach?
cardia
fundus
body
pylorus
what is the lesser omentum?
stomach to liver
what is the greater omentum?
stomach to transverse colon
what is the muscularis in the gut tube modified for?
motility
what are the 3 layers of the stomach?
inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal
What are rugae?
temporary folds that allow the expansion of the stomach. the folds are a core of submucosa
what is the mucosa in the gut tube?
simple columnar epithelium
what does the inwards folding of mucosa allow?
greater surface area for absorption
what secretes mucous?
mucous epithelial cells
what do parietal cells secrete?
acid and intrinsic factor
what secretes hormones?
G cells
what do chief cells secrete?
pepsinogen
what modifications allow chief cells to specialise?
abundant rough Er
zymogen granules containing enzymes
basal nucleus
what modifications have parietal cells gone through?
abundant mitochondria to pump H+
central nucleus
folded structure to increase surface area
what regulates stomach function?
endocrine control
neural control
where are endocrine cells?
in mucosa
what do the endocrine cells secrete?
gastrin and ghrelin
what is the primary control of the stomach function?
enteric nervous system
what allows controlled release of chyme into the small intestine?
Pyloric sphincter
what does the small intestine require for handling of the acidic chyme?
enzymes
mucous
neutralise acid
What is the purpose of mucous in the small intestine?
protection of acidic chyme
what provides enzymes and bicarbonate for small intestine?
pancreas
where is the pancreas?
the head of the pancreas lies in the c-shaped duodenum and posterior to the stomach
where does the duct of the pancreas drain into?
duodenal lumen
is the pancreas retroperitoneal?
yes
where does the bile duct meet the pancreatic duct?
at the entrance to the hepatopancreatic ampulla
what do pancreatic alpha cells and beta cells secrete?
glucagon and insulin respectively
acinar cells secrete?
enzymes
duct cells secrete?
bicarbonate
what is the structure of the pancreatic acinar cells?
basal nucleus
abundant rER
apical zymogen granules
