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HUBS192 > lecture 23 > Flashcards

lecture 23 Flashcards

1
Q

How is surface area in the small intestine increased?

A

Length of the tube
Plicae Cirulares
Villi
Microvilli

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2
Q

What does the large intestine consist of?

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

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3
Q

What is the colon made up of?

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

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4
Q

What are the names of the turns in the large intestine?

A 
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
Left colic (splenic) flexure
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5
Q

Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending and descending colon

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6
Q

Which parts of the colon are intraperitoneal?

A

Transverse and sigmoidal

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7
Q

What regulates the passage of material into the cecum?

A

Illeocecal valve

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8
Q

Where does the appendix feed into?

A

The cecum

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9
Q

What is the function of appendix?

A

reserve of large intestine bacteria population

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10
Q

What enables an x-ray image of large intestine?

A

Barium enema

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11
Q

What prevents back flow into ileum?

A

illiocecal valve

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12
Q

What is the shiny surface of the large intestine?

A

Visceral peritoneum

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13
Q

What are the Teniae Coli?

A

Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle

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14
Q

What are Haustra?

A

Series of pouches in the wall of the colon

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15
Q

What are Omental appendices?

A

Sacs of fat

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the Teniae Coli?

A

Modification of the Muscularis layer to have three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle for stronger contraction

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17
Q

Why is there a lack of villi in the large intestine?

A

No requirement for absorption

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18
Q

What forms intestinal glands?

A

mucosa invaginations

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19
Q

What does mucosa consist of?

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

20
Q

What part of the mucosa doesn’t invaginate?

A

Muscularis mucosae

21
Q

What are the functions of the mucosa in the colon?

A

Water and salt absorption

22
Q

What is the function of goblet cells in the mucosa?

A

Produce mucous for protection and lubrication

23
Q

What do anal columns mark?

A

Where the epithelium changes

24
Q

What is the epithelium before the anal column?

A

Simple columnar

25
Q

What is the epithelium of the anal canal?

A

stratified squamous

26
Q

Which anal sphincter is under involuntary control?

A

the internal anal sphincter made up of smooth muscle

27
Q

Which anal sphincter is under voluntary control?

A

The external anal sphincter made up of skeletal muscle

28
Q

What causes the internal anal sphincter to relax?

A

stretch receptors responding to movement of faeces

29
Q

Function of the liver?

A

Produce bile, from the hepatocytes and stored in gore bladder

30
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

superior right quadrant of abdominopelvic cavity

31
Q

liver receives what percentage of cardiac output?

A

~25%

32
Q

1/3 of the liver blood supply is from?

A

Hepatic artery

33
Q

majority of the blood supply to the liver is from?

A

hepatic portal vein, oxygenated

34
Q

the blood from the hepatic portal vein is?

A

nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood from small intestine

35
Q

What are functional units in the liver called?

A

lobules

36
Q

rows in lobules are made up of what?

A

hepatocytes

37
Q

What is the function of the hepatocytes?

A

produce bile

38
Q

What is between rows of lobules?

A

Liver sinusoids

39
Q

What is inbetween hepatocytes?

A

Bile canaliculi

40
Q

what makes up the portal triad?

A

Branch of hepatic artery
Branch of hepatic portal vein
A bile duct

41
Q

What direction does blood flow in the liver?

A

Toward the central vein

42
Q

Where does bile travel to?

A

bile duct

43
Q

Central veins drain into?

A

hepatic vein

44
Q

Where does hepatic vein drain?

A

Inferior vena cava

45
Q

What happens to bile in the gore bladder?

A

it is stored and concentrated

46
Q

the meeting of bile duct and pancreatic duct is called?

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

HUBS192 (38 decks)

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