lecture 23 Flashcards
How is surface area in the small intestine increased?
Length of the tube
Plicae Cirulares
Villi
Microvilli
What does the large intestine consist of?
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
What is the colon made up of?
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
What are the names of the turns in the large intestine?
Right colic (hepatic) flexure Left colic (splenic) flexure
Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?
Ascending and descending colon
Which parts of the colon are intraperitoneal?
Transverse and sigmoidal
What regulates the passage of material into the cecum?
Illeocecal valve
Where does the appendix feed into?
The cecum
What is the function of appendix?
reserve of large intestine bacteria population
What enables an x-ray image of large intestine?
Barium enema
What prevents back flow into ileum?
illiocecal valve
What is the shiny surface of the large intestine?
Visceral peritoneum
What are the Teniae Coli?
Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle
What are Haustra?
Series of pouches in the wall of the colon
What are Omental appendices?
Sacs of fat
What is the purpose of the Teniae Coli?
Modification of the Muscularis layer to have three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle for stronger contraction
Why is there a lack of villi in the large intestine?
No requirement for absorption
What forms intestinal glands?
mucosa invaginations
What does mucosa consist of?
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae
What part of the mucosa doesn’t invaginate?
Muscularis mucosae
What are the functions of the mucosa in the colon?
Water and salt absorption
What is the function of goblet cells in the mucosa?
Produce mucous for protection and lubrication
What do anal columns mark?
Where the epithelium changes
What is the epithelium before the anal column?
Simple columnar
What is the epithelium of the anal canal?
stratified squamous
Which anal sphincter is under involuntary control?
the internal anal sphincter made up of smooth muscle
Which anal sphincter is under voluntary control?
The external anal sphincter made up of skeletal muscle
What causes the internal anal sphincter to relax?
stretch receptors responding to movement of faeces
Function of the liver?
Produce bile, from the hepatocytes and stored in gore bladder
Where is the liver located?
superior right quadrant of abdominopelvic cavity
liver receives what percentage of cardiac output?
~25%
1/3 of the liver blood supply is from?
Hepatic artery
majority of the blood supply to the liver is from?
hepatic portal vein, oxygenated
the blood from the hepatic portal vein is?
nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood from small intestine
What are functional units in the liver called?
lobules
rows in lobules are made up of what?
hepatocytes
What is the function of the hepatocytes?
produce bile
What is between rows of lobules?
Liver sinusoids
What is inbetween hepatocytes?
Bile canaliculi
what makes up the portal triad?
Branch of hepatic artery
Branch of hepatic portal vein
A bile duct
What direction does blood flow in the liver?
Toward the central vein
Where does bile travel to?
bile duct
Central veins drain into?
hepatic vein
Where does hepatic vein drain?
Inferior vena cava
What happens to bile in the gore bladder?
it is stored and concentrated
the meeting of bile duct and pancreatic duct is called?
hepatopancreatic ampulla
