Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUBS192 > lecture 25 > Flashcards

lecture 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are exocrine secretions produced?

A

Epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of mucus?

A

Protection and lubrication

aids mechanical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Electrolyte solution functions?

A

Dilutes food and provides optimal pH

essential for chemical digestion of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which part of the GI tract has the lowest pH?

A

Stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function if digestive enzymes?

A

essential for chemical digestion of food

aids absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A neutral pH secretion will have a large amount of what ions?

A

Bicarbonate, (HCO3-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much plasma is secreted a day?

A

3L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many total secretions are there a day ?

A

~8L a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is 3L of plasma secretions turned into 8L of secretions?

A

reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands are there?

A

3 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the names of the salivary glands?

A

Sublingual glands
submandibular glands
parotid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How much secretions do the salivary glands produce?

A

1.5L of fluid per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Basal secretion vs stimulated secretion for salivary glands?

A

0.3mL/min vs 1.5ml/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which salivary gland produces the most saliva?

A

submandibular glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Composition of Salivary secretion?

A

Mucus (lubrication)
Dilute solution of NaHCO3/NaCl (optimal pH)
Digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

are salivary secretions essential?

A

no, not essential for survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

salivary secretions help with?

A

talking
chewing and swallowing
Hygiene
Digestion (taste)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is Xerostomia?

A

dry mouth from reduced or absent saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which system predominantly regulates salivary secretion?

A

Nervous system, though, smell or sight of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does the parasympathetic nervous system regulate salivary secretion?

A

stimulation of a large amount of fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sympathetic nervous system causes what in the salivary glands?

A

small volumes of viscous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How much secretions are made in the gastric system per day?

A

2-3L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the secretion rate of gastric secretion between meals?

A

15-30mL/h and mainly from surface mucosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When eating which cells are producing gastric secretions?

A 
Mucous cells 
Parietal cells (HCL)
Chief cells (pepsinogen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What activates pepsinogen?

A

HCL to produce pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are gastric secretions made up of?

A

Mucus
Intrinsic factor
pepsinogen
gastric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Function of intrinsic factor?

A

absorption of vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Function of pepsinogen?

A

Inactive form of pepsin, once converted to pepsin by HCL starts digestion of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Functions of gastric acid?

A

Dilutes food
Denatures proteins
activates pepsinogen
protection (kills bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Source of hydrogen ions for HCL?

A

dissociation of H2CO3+ (carbonic acid) into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How is H+ secreted into the stomach lumen?

A

through the H+-K+ATPase in the apical membrane of parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Source of chloride ions?

A

HCO3- is ejected into interstitial fluid via serosal membrane of parietal cells which provides transport for Cl- ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How is Cl- transported to stomach lumen?

A

Diffuses across cell via Cl- channel in apical membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Regulation of gastric secretion?

A

Co-ordinated with arrival of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Three phases of gastric secretion regulation?

A

Cephalic phase -head controls secretion
Gastric phase - stomach controls
Intestinal phase - intestine controls

36
Q

Cephalic phase controls what percentage of the secretions?

A

20% of secretions

37
Q

function of cephalic phase?

A

preparation for arrival of food

38
Q

What stimulates cephalic phase of secretions?

A

Thought, smell, sight of food

chewing action and taste

39
Q

How does Parasympathetic nervous system control cephalic phase?

A

Stimulates parietal cells, chief cells and goblet cells

stimulate secretion of hormone gastrin

40
Q

What produces the hormone gastrin?

A

G cells

41
Q

Function of gastric secretions?

A

ensures sufficient secretion to handle ingested food

42
Q

What are the stimuli involved in gastric secretions?

A

Stretch/distention of the stomach wall
products of digestion stomach lumen
elevated pH

43
Q

what is the local nervous reflex of gastric phase?

A

Enteric nervous system

44
Q

External nervous reflex of gastric phase?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

45
Q

ENS and PSNS stimulate what to do with gastric phase?

A

Secretion
motility
gastric secretion

46
Q

what detects elevated pH levels in stomach?

A

Chemoreceptors

47
Q

What stimulates release of G cells?

A

Partly digested peptides

48
Q

Function of intestinal phase?

A

Controls delivery to small intestine

49
Q

What stimulates intestinal phase?

A

Distension of duodenum

arrival of acid chyme and lipids and carbohydrates

50
Q

Intestinal phase is under what kind of regulation?

A

Hormonal and nervous

51
Q

What hormones control intestinal phase?

A

GIP, CCK, secretin

52
Q

What nerves regulate intestinal phase?

A

enterogastric reflex

53
Q

hormonal and nervous regulation do what to intestinal phase?

A

Inhibition of secretion and motility

54
Q

Pancreas is what kind of organ?

A

Endocrine and exocrine organ

55
Q

How much does the pancreas secrete her day?

A

1-1.5L per day

56
Q

what are the two components of pancreatic secretion?

A

Enzymes

alkaline fluid

57
Q

What produces the enzymes in pancreatic fluid?

A

Pancreatic acing cells for chemical digestion

58
Q

What produces alkaline fluid?

A

duct cells to neutralise acid

59
Q

what enzymes are secreted by pancreas?

A

Lipolytic (lipase)
Amylytic
Proteolytic (trypsin, chymotrypsin)
Nucleolytic

60
Q

Stimulation of pancreatic enzymes is done by?

A

Arrival of lipids and carbohydrates in duodenum stimulates cholecystokinin (CCK)

61
Q

Function of pancreatic enzymes?

A

luminal chemical digestion of food

62
Q

Where are inactive proteolytic enzymes activated?

A

in the duodenum

63
Q

what are the enzymes that breakdown proteins?

A

Trypsin - trypsinogen
Chymotrypsin - chymotrypsinogen
carboxypeptidase - procarboxypeptidase

64
Q

What activates proteins in small intestine?

A

Enterokinase or enteropeptidase converts trypsinogen to trypsin which converts the rest

65
Q

how does enterokinase activate trypsinogen?

A

it cleaves the protein forming trypsin

66
Q

what is alkaline?

A

a HCO3 rich fluid

67
Q

What produces alkaline fluid?

A

Duct cells in pancreas

68
Q

What stimulates secretion of alkaline fluid?

A

Arrival of acid chyme in duodenum

69
Q

function of alkaline fluid?

A

neutralises acid chyme

creates optimum pH for pancreatic and intestinal digestive enzyme

70
Q

What is optimal pH for pancreatic and intestinal digestive enzyme?

A

6.7-9pH

71
Q

How much biliary secretions are there per day?

A

0.5L per day

72
Q

what are products associated with digestion in liver?

A

Bile salts and HCO3- rich fluid

73
Q

functions of bile salts?

A

Fat digestion

74
Q

Functions of HCO3- rich fluid?

A

neutralises acid

75
Q

functions of bile pigments?

A

excretion

76
Q

Where is bile stored and concentrated?

A

In the gallbladder

77
Q

When is bile delivers to duodenum?

A

When food is arrived

78
Q

Initial delivery of bile is under what type of control?

A

hormonal control by CCK

79
Q

Hormone CCK is produced in response to?

A

Products of digestion in duodenum which causes contraction of gall bladder and relaxation of hepatopancreatic ampulla

80
Q

How does bile stimulate its own secretion?

A

enterohepatic circulation

81
Q

what is enterohepatic circulation?

A

95% of bile is reabsorbed by ileum and transported back to liver in enterohepatic circulation

82
Q

Where is 5% of the bile lost?

A

in feces

83
Q

What does the presence of bile salts in the liver stimulate?

A

synthesis of further bile salts

84
Q

How much does the small intestine secrete per day?

A

1.5L

85
Q

What are the small intestine secretions?

A

mucus
isosmotic fluid
digestive enzymes

86
Q

What is isosmotic fluid?

A

alkaline mixture of NaCl and NaHCO3

helps neutralise acid and dilutes

HUBS192 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions