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HUBS192 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the P wave indicate on the ECG?

A

Atria depolarising

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2
Q

What phase begins during the P wave?

A

Atrial systole

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3
Q

describe the action isovolumetric contraction phase?

A

Atria will repolarise and ventricles depolarise

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4
Q

The isovolumetric contraction phase is associated with which ECG phase?

A

QRS wave

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5
Q

Which valves shut during the QRS wave?

A

AV valves

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6
Q

What causes the Lubb sound?

A

The shutting of the AV valves?

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7
Q

What causes the large QRS spike in the ECG?

A

Atrial repolarisation and venturicular depolarisation

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8
Q

What causes blood to flow out of the ventricle?

A

The semilunar valves open when the pressure in the ventricles is greater than the pressure in the aorta

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9
Q

Ventricular ejection phase pressure rises because?

A

The blood volume drops but the pressure rises because the ventricles are squeezing blood

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10
Q

What causes the semilunar valves to close?

A

Pressure in ventricles fall

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11
Q

What causes the second heart sound?

A

The semilunar valves close, Dupp

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12
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle causes the T wave?

A

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

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13
Q

Where does depolarisation start?

A

Sinoatrial node (SAN)

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14
Q

What is the sinoatrial node?

A

A couple thousand very small cells. The SAN acts as a pacemaker and tells the heart when to beat

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15
Q

How does the signal spread to neighbouring conduction cells?

A

Gap junctions

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16
Q

How does the impulse spread between both types of cardiac cells?

A

Intercalated disks and gap junctions

17
Q

What do intercalated disks connect?

A

Most cells of the heart

18
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

Pores with low resistance to ionic current. Allowing current flow between adjacent cells

19
Q

Gap junctions can spread the impulse to?

A

Along the conduction pathway
between electrical and contractile cells
between contractile cells

20
Q

For the heart to beat millions of cardiac cells have to behave as?

A

One function synctium

21
Q

The conduction pathway begins at?

A

The sinoatrial node

22
Q

From the sinoatrial node the conduction pathway splits into?

A

The left and right atrium causing depolarisation of the atrium
and the internal bundle to the Atrioventricular node

23
Q

The atrioventricular node sends an impulse through the AV bundle which branches into?

A

The right and left ventricle causing contraction using purkinje fibres in the lateral walls

24
Q

Why is the SAN known as the pace maker?

A

because it tells the heart when to beat

25
Q

What is the function of the atrioventricular node?

A

To collect the electrical signal from the internodal bundle and put a pause on it before sending it along.

26
Q

Why does the atrioventricular node put a pause on the signal ?

A

The delay is essential as it means the atria have enough time to contract and fill the ventricles

27
Q

What is quiescence?

A

When the heart is fully relaxed and not depolarising or depolarising

28
Q

What is the first part of the excitation and conduction pathway?

A

Excitation spreads from the SA node

29
Q

What is the order of the conduction pathway?

A 
excitation from the SA node
Atria full depolarise and contract 
Atria repolarise and AV node sends excitation to ventricles 
Ventricles depolarise and contract 
Ventricles repolarise and relax
30
Q

What is the P wave?

A

atrial repolarisation

31
Q

What is the QRS wave?

A

Ventricular depolarisation and atrial repolarisation

32
Q

What is the T wave?

A

ventricular repolarisation

33
Q

What does depolarisation cause?

A

Contraction

34
Q

What does repolarisation cause

A

Relaxation

35
Q

A large spike in pressure indicates which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Isovolumetric contraction phase

HUBS192 (38 decks)

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